
filass -fi / "7-7 «-r 
3£> 



SELECTIONS 



FROM TH 



LETTERS AND MANUSCRIPTS 



OF THE LATE 



SUSANNA MASON; 



WITH A BRIEF MEMOIR OF HER LIFE, 



BY HER DAUGHTER. 



RACKLIFF & JONES, PRINTERS, 

S. W. CORNER OF GEORGE & SWANWICK STREETS. 



1836. 



P!?4 ■ 



01: 







Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1836, 
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District 
of Pennsylvania. 




CONTENTS. 



Biography of Susanna Mason, . 

Letter to Sarah Orrick, 1769, . 

Criticism, . 

Letter on Profane Swearing, 

Letter to C. M. of Philadelphia, 1770. 

Letter from C. M. to S; M. 1770, 

Letter dated Mount Welcome, Cecil Count}-, 

Letter dated Mount Welcome, Cecil County, 

Self-Communion, 

Letter describing a Love x\dventure, 

Letter to P. M. Philadelphia, 1770, 

Letter to C. M. of Philadelphia, 1770, 

Letter to C. M. of Philadelphia, 1770, 

Extract from a letter, dated, 1771, 

Letter to P. M. of Philadelphia, 1772, 

Extract from a Letter to a Friend in England 

Extract from a letter, dated 1773, 

Letter recounting a lover's mistake, 

Answer to a piece published in the Pennsylvania 

signed " an Old Bachelor," 
Sketch of a visit to Deer Creek in 1828, 
Letter to Richard Hopkins, South River, 1774, 
Letter to Susan Hopkins, 1774, . 
Answer from S. H. to J. C. 1774, 
Letter referring to a wedding, 
Letter to Philadelphia, 1776, 



Mags 



Page 
9 
27 
29 
32 
36 
38 
40 
45 
53 
54 
58 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 

71 
74 



82 

SI 



CONTENTS. 



Letter to C. M. 1776, . . . 

Letter to C. M. 1776, .... 

Letter to Christopher Marshall, 1777, . 

The Christian's Strength, 1777, . 

Letter to Levin Hopkins, 1778, . 

Letter to Levin Hopkins, 1778, . 

Letter to M. O. 1778, .... 

Letter to Friends in Lancaster Jail, 1778, 

A Brother personated, . . . 

A Poetical Address to an Officer of distinction, 1778, 

Fragment, ..... 

Sketch of a Journey through some parts of Pennsylvania 

Letter dated Philadelphia, 1779, . . 

Observations respecting S. M. 

Letter to Dr. ,1783, 

Letter on Education, .... 
Extract from a Letter to a desponding friend, . 
Letter respecting domestic disasters, 
A Dream, ..... 

Reflection, ..... 

Repentance, ..... 

Supplication, ..... 
Observations, ..... 
Character of a genuine Christian and Minister of the 

Gospel, ..... 

A just representation of a Pennsylvania farm, 
Slavery, ..... 

Letter to J. G. 1790, . . . . 

Occurrence, with remarks, 

" Prosperity makes friends, and adversity tries them," 
Thoughts upon Education, 
Christian Charity, .... 



Page 



CONTENTS. 



Philom's Vision, .... 

On the Ministry, .... 

The way to administer reproof, . 

Memoirs of S. M. written by herself, 

A sketch of Ellicott's Mills, and an account of Benjamin 

Eanneker compiled from remembrances of 1796, 
A Poetical Address to Benjamin Banneker, 1796, 
An Address to the Deity, 1796, . . 

To an amiable young Friend who expressed a desire to 

become a subject of the Muse, 1796, 
Remarks relating to S. M. 



Letters to her daughter, 



177 
209 
213 
215 

240 
244 
249 

249 
251 



. 252,254,255, 
256, 258, 260, 261, 262, 265, 267, 271, 

289. 
259 
268 
277 
281 
283 
284 
287 
292 
294 
296 
299 
300 
302 
304 
307 
308 
310 
311 



273, 275, 279, 280, 
Letter to her son, in 1797, 
Extract, 1797, . . 

Letter to her cousin, E.M. 1797, 
Letter to E. M. Philadelphia, 1798, 
Letter to C. and P. M. and Family, 1798 
Letter from South River, 1800, . 
Remarks, 

Letter to H. O. Philadelphia in 1803, 
Letter to C. and P. M. 1804, 
Letter to E. M. 1805, . 
Remarks, 

Letter from Benjamin Swett to Susanna Hopkins, 1772, 
Letter from Anthony Benezett to S. H. 1775, 
Letter from Job Scott to Susanna Mason, 1788, 
Extract from a Letter from Catharine Haines to S. M. 
Letter from Catharine F. Wistar to Susanna Mason, 
Selections by S. M. 
Poetry, ...... 



INTRODUCTION. 



Long- shall my care the sweet memorials save," 
The hand that traced them rests within the grave." 

E. Smith. 



With a desire to preserve from oblivion every deli- 
neation of the mind and character of a beloved mother, 
I have long been collecting such letters as are yet ex- 
tant ; but from among the numerous epistolary friends 
who, from early life till within the last eight years of her 
sojourn with the children of probation corresponded 
with her, I regret that so few compositions have been 
gathered. Several that are here presented signed S. H., 
were taken from rough draughts found among her pa- 
pers, some with neither superscription nor date ; but 
they have been arranged according to the supposed pe- 
riod of time in which they were written, before she had 
so fully submitted to the refining process of truth, which, 
in after years, circumscribed her pen to more serious 
themes. 

I am well aware, that the happiest efforts of her pen 

previously to her marriage, are among the missing, as 

letters to her, from men, eminent in talents and exalted 

in piety, evince that her literary productions were highly 

2 



VI INTRODUCTION. 

appreciated by them ; but they have long since ceased 
to mingle with the habitants of earth, and their descend- 
ants are scattered, and to me unknown. 

But these, defective as they may appear to the criti- 
cal observer, will, I believe, be perused with interest 
by those to whom her memory is still precious ; and 
being frequently solicited by many to give them access 
to the manuscript in my keeping, I have become wil- 
ling to dispose them into a little volume, in order to 
gratify all who may wish to scan its pages. 

" Thoughts on Education," I believe were written 
with a view to publication, as the theme was dear to her 
heart, and her desire active, to arouse the attention of pa- 
rents and teachers to the importance of impressing upon 
the youthful mind the culture of the moral law, as given 
in its purity by the Saviour of men. " The Reverie, or 
Vision, written by a Mother for the instruction of her 
children," was more particularly designed for their bene- 
fit. It appears in part, to be an imitation of allegories 
to the same print, already extant ; but should it serve to 
arrest one soul gliding down the current of Time, re- 
gardless of the vortex into which habits adverse to the 
precepts and doctrine of the blessed Redeemer fail not 
to draw the mind, I trust her motive will be answered, 
for the word of the Lord, through whatever medium 
conveyed to his rational creation, " shall not return unto 
him void, but shall accomplish that which He please, 
and prosper in the thing where unto it is sent." 

It may be observed by the dates, that at least thirty 



INTRODUCTION. Vll 

years have rolled away since the last traces of her pen : 
and taking into view the advancement of literature in 
this country since that day, allowance must be made by 
the connoisseur in modes of expression, should excep- 
tions to harmony fall upon his ear. My endeavours 
have been to preserve her sentiments unchanged ; hence 
her own phraseology has been retained in every import- 
ant point she has touched upon. 

Some words now obsolete or seldom used, will occa- 
sionally present, but they may be found in the Diction- 
ary compiled in part by Thomas Dyche, author of the 
Guide to the English Tongue, and completed by Wil- 
liam Pardon, which was published in 1771, and to which 
she most probably referred. 

With a desire that the attention of the reader may 
dwell upon the doctrine of self-denial, regeneration, and 
an humble walk before God, which she has placed among 
the essentials to salvation, more than upon scholastic at- 
tainments, this volume is submitted to the Public. 



A SKETCH 



CHARACTER OF SUSANNA MASON 



In drawing the distinguishing features of a charac- 
ter, that from the earliest dawn of remembrance has 
been associated with the warmest affections of the heart, 
it may be supposed that the delineation has received 
some touches from the hand of partiality ; but from the 
memoirs, letters, and other writings here presented, a 
pretty correct estimate of her mind may be gathered. 

She was the daughter of William and Rachel Hop- 
kins, of Deer Creek, Harford County, Maryland. Her 
father was a Member of the Religious Society of 
Friends, her mother belonged to the Episcopal Church, 
and was a diligent adherer to its rites and ceremonies 
for many years after her marriage ; the daughters, three 
in number, were committed to her guidance in spiritual 
matters; the sons attended worship with their father, 
though without restriction on either side. 

Most of her early years were spent in acquiring the 
best education that country schools at that time afford- 
ed ; but to her own energies, love of literature, and re- 
2* 



10 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

fleeting habits, she owed more than to aid received from 
teachers. She was endowed with a lively imagination ; 
her wit keen and well directed against the follies that 
so frequently blemish the beauty and dignity of the ra- 
tional creation, cast her at a distance from the vain de- 
votees at the altar of self complacency, and caused them 
to shrink from her critecism. But she was aware that 
this propensity needed a vigilant guard, which may be 
deduced from the following fragment found among her 
papers: " I experience with Paul, a law in my mem- 
bers, warring against the law of my mind, and inducing 
me to do at times, that which I would not, a disposi- 
tion to sport and vagary, and in my most serious mo- 
ments, when occasion presents, I see it as quickly as a 
spider a fly that is entangled in its web, of which the 
wily creature takes advantage. Perhaps the ease and 
tranquillity of my present condition in life, render me 
more obnoxious to such temptations which I know to 
be hurtful to the better part. I sometimes feel a long- 
ing of soul to partake more fully of that cup and bap- 
tism, which I am sensible can only purify from all dross 
and defilement ; but should they be administered in 
larger draughts and deeper plungings, perhaps feeble na- 
ture would shrink and repine under them." 

In early life, an attachment subsisted between her and 
a young clergyman, and his premature death, probably 
strengthened the bias of her mind to retirement, read- 
ing, and reflection. 

She had an uncle and aunt Hall, residing at Mount 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 11 

Welcome, in Cecil County, Maryland, where many of 
the hours of her youthful hilarity were spent, and 
from whence some of her letters are dated that describe 
her amusements and avocations whilst there. She also 
made frequent visits to Philadelphia, where she was 
kindly welcomed by her affectionate relatives, Charles 
and Patience Marshall, in whose house of hospitable 
fame she ever found an agreeable home. Here, her so- 
ciety was courted and her talents appreciated by many 
of the first order in the literary galaxy of that day, and 
among her intimate friends were enrolled the names of 
Benezet, Duche, Hopkinson, and many others of dif- 
ferent religious denominations ; for she was not a secta- 
rian, but willingly accepted the fruits of mind wherever 
offered, and assimilated with practical piety regardless 
of its external habiliments. 

As nearly as can be ascertained from circumstances, 
she became a member of the Religious Society of 
Friends, about her twentieth year. It is to be regretted 
that so scanty a record of this interesting period is ne- 
cessarily made, as the contemporaries of the morning 
of her day have all filled up their measure of probation, 
and been added to the myriads of spiritual beings from 
whom no tidings return to mortal ears. 

In 1779, she entered into matrimonial connexion with 
George Mason, of Chester County, Pennsylvania, and 
removed to reside with him on his paternal inheritance. 
Of this seat of industry, rural beauty, and comfort, she 
has given a correct delineation in a poetical epistle, ad- 



12 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

dressed from a friend in the country to a friend in the 
city. 

Here, blessed with peace and competency, she proved 
herself a grateful receiver by " a closer walk with God," 
and having embraced the cross of Christ in the morn- 
ing of her day, she was concerned to fill up her mea- 
sure of duties with a steady eye to the divine injunc- 
tion, to do unto others as she would they should do 
unto her. Not long after the transfer of her right of 
membership from Deer Creek to New Garden monthly 
meeting, she was successively appointed an overseer 
and an elder in the church, and in the relative respon- 
sibilities devolving upon each of those stations, she en- 
deavoured to act as a steward who must render an account, 
seeking after the wandering sheep of the flock, and with 
the persuasiveness of gospel love, tempting them back 
to the fold of safety. 

Her society was particularly attractive to those in 
early life who were in quest of improvement: with 
these she harmoniously blended in social communion, 
not closely scanning their inexperience, but holding out 
incentives to press after the useful and the refined in 
mental acquisitions : she was frequently made the con- 
fident of their attempts to select the fruits and flowers 
of literature, and her aid invited in the arrangement 
thereof. Her tender regard for the feelings of those 
placed in the station of domestics in the family, was 
worthy of remembrance and of imitation ; every re- 
quest her children made of them, must be in respectful 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 13 

terms ; nor did she tolerate a rehearsal of their defects, 
or the unguarded expressions of dislike or discontent, 
which are often elicited from these children of toil un- 
connected with any requisitions on the part of those 
who claim their labour. Once going to her with tidings 
from the kitchen respecting one who occupied that de- 
partment, which I thought must gain access to her ear, 
after hearing the matter, she proposed a humiliating re- 
ward for the tale : It was a just rebuke which I have 
appreciated through all the subsequent periods of my 
life, often having had to mourn over the latitude which 
many parents give their children in this particular. 
When I had sufficiently recovered from the mortifica- 
tion to hear an admonition, she called me to her and 
remonstrated on the impropriety of watching over any 
one for evil ; that I was not acquainted with the many 
things that occurred in the line of their daily avocations 
to fret and try their tempers, and should they say or 
do any thing under excitement of this kind, it was very 
likely they would soon feel sorry for it, and hope it was 
unnoticed ; that it was not doing as I would be done by 
to expose their weakness and destroy her confidence in 
them. But the better to guard the susceptible minds of 
those committed to her maternal guidance, she kept us 
from associating with those whose labour was needful 
to her, but whose manner and converse were often 
baneful to the inexperienced, hence we were her hourly 
companions ; by her we were instructed in the rudi- 
ments of education, and till the most of us had attained 



14 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

our twelfth year, were we not entrusted to the care of 
other teachers. 

Frequently were we directed by her to an unfailing 
monitor in our own breasts, and desired to test our con- 
duct by its unerring standard ; if peace were wanting, 
then had we transgressed against that all-seeing eye 
who scans the inmost recesses of every heart, and dis- 
covers every secret motive, whether it centre in selfish 
feelings or have its basis on the love of God and man ; 
and ever shall I have cause to commemorate with gra- 
titude, her vigilance in setting before us the awful con- 
sequences of a departure from strict veracity. To give 
the greater force to her precepts, frequently were the 
pages of the inspired penmen opened to our inspection, 
and portions selected to suit the occasion : thus the fate 
of Ananias and Sapphira admonished us on one point, 
whilst the different states of Dives and Lazarus urged 
to an humble walk before God, who makes the lowly 
in heart the objects of his peculiar care and love. 

It was her invariable practice to peruse every book 
before we were privileged to read it ; having, as she 
apprehended, made her pathway to the kingdom of pu- 
rity and peace more difficult to tread by her own in- 
dulgent excursions over regions of fancy and falsehood ; 
she was particularly careful to warn us of the danger, 
and to guard every outlet of our mind from seeking af- 
ter, or participating in the deleterious fruits which clus- 
ter around an untutored imagination ; and knowing our 
incompetency to discriminate between the sweet native 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 15 

flowrets of the wild, and the poisonous herbage that lux- 
uriates in equal beauty before the observer, inexperien- 
ced in research into the component properties of the 
human mind, she permitted no tale of fiction, save the 
Vicar of Wakefield, to be placed within our reach ; this, 
with selections from Homer's Iliad, his Odyssey, the 
allegories of Addison and Johnson, the poetry of 
Thomson, and other chaste and approved authors, 
formed our light reading. Thus did she endeavour, day 
by day, to acquit herself of the solemn obligation to 
train us up in the fear of the Lord, and to preserve us 
from the desolating inroads of a selfish worldly spirit ; 
and however far we may fall short of attaining the mark 
to which her aim was directed, yet to her, I believe, the 
language is applicable, " let her alone, she hath done 
what she could." 

In the cause of injured innocence she was intrepid. 
Regardless of the high standing of the calumniator as to 
wealth, power or influence, she stepped forth the advo- 
cate of the wantonly assailed character, and silenced 
detraction, either by opposing truths in her possession, 
or an inquiry whence came the liberty to assail th© 
absent, or cast a venomous weapon at an unarmed and 
unsuspecting brother or sister in the common relation 
of life. The cause that she knew not she searched 
out, not for the mean purpose of relating to others a 
tale of human weaknesses, but for the benign object of 
restoring to the path of rectitude those who had wan- 
dered therefrom. 



16 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

With a mind duly impressed with the scriptural 
truth, that "to him thatknoweth to do good, and doeth 
it not, to him it is sin," it was her practice to seek 
those who were bearing deteriorating charges and tell 
them thereof, thereby giving them an opportunity to 
rebut falsehood or take the admonition to amend their 
ways. In thus doing, she felt that she was discharging 
an obligation which, as Christians bound " to watch 
over each other for good," was due at her hands. 

The people of colour who were placed under her 
care and direction, shared her endeavours to promote 
their present and future good, and like her own children, 
were instructed at stated hours in the day in reading, 
sewing, knitting, and other useful branches of educa- 
tion. She had been reared on the labour of slaves ; her 
mother introduced a number into the family at the time 
of her marriage, in addition to those held by her father ; 
and at the period when it became the discipline of the 
Society of Friends in Maryland to free itself from this 
piece of injustice to these oppressed children of the 
same heavenly lineage, and created for the sa*me glori- 
ous end, according to the purposes of Infinite Wisdom, 
who " made of one blood, all the nations of men to 
dwell upon the earth," her father mis takingly imagined 
their services were indispensable in carrying on his 
husbandry, and preferred relinquishing his right of mem- 
bership, to awarding them their native rights ; this the 
more strongly impressed upon her mind, the debt due 
from her to these defrauded people, who, after the de- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 17 

mise of her mother, were all manumitted by her de- 
scendants ; those whom she took into her own family- 
she regarded with parental desires for their advance- 
ment in the scale of being, and endeavoured to raise 
their minds to a just estimate of their designed dignity 
on the theatre of action. Culinary preparations were 
abridged on the first day of the week, in order to make 
way for their attendance of religious meetings, where 
they were seen nearly as punctually as her own children, 
and ever were they as ready to administer to her comfort, 
as if a bond of consanguinity had bound them thereto. To 
their kindness to her through a season of peculiar trial 
meted to her in the inscrutable wisdom of Him who oft- 
times makes darkness his pavilion, she has paid a tribute 
of grateful remembrance in a short memoir of that deso- 
lating period, wherein a son, daughter, and little coloured 
girl were all called from time into eternity, in the short 
space of four days ; and she immediately after, was laid 
on a bed of excruciating bodily suffering, and her mind 
enveloped in clouds and thick darkness, wherein she 
was led to bewail her condition as one without hope ; 
but He who apportions to his children the discipline 
needful for their refinement from the dregs of earth, in 
his own due and appointed time, was pleased to say, 
" it is enough,' ' and gave her " the oil of joy for 
mourning, and the garment of praise for the spirit of 
heaviness." Her health, long delicate, sustained a 
shock at that time, from which she never wholly reco- 
vered. Having removed with her family to Baltimore, 
3 



18 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON* 

a few months previously to this afflictive season, she 
found a change of air needful to her wasted physical 
powers, and accordingly went into the country, where 
she remained till the autumn, when, finding herself 
much recovered, she returned to the city and resumed 
her domestic duties : and in accordance with an im- 
pression long resting on her mind, that she was called 
to exert the talents entrusted to her, in giving instruc- 
tion to the rising youth, for this purpose she opened a 
school, which was soon filled with as many as she felt 
competent to manage ; but as the warm season again 
returned, her strength failed, and my father being dis- 
posed to explore the western wilds, for a situation 
more healthful and agreeable to him, and where his two 
remaining children might be brought up detached from 
the contaminating examples that surround those who 
are cast among " the busy haunts of men," set out on 
that expedition, and my mother concluded to break up 
housekeeping, store the furniture, place my brother at 
a school, provide situations for her trusty domestics, 
and take me with her to her sister Waters, in Prince 
George's county, from whom she had long been sepa- 
rated. This plan she put in execution, and to which 
she refers in her memoirs. Here, most of the summer 
passed away, but her feeble frame needed more efforts 
to regain its wonted powers, and her mind being turned 
toward her beloved friends in Philadelphia, thither we 
bent our course. There she spent several weeks in 
pleasant intercourse with many who were dear to her, 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 19 

and with whom she had often taken sweet counsel in 
her frequent attendance of the Yearly Meetings held 
there, and of which she had been an active and useful 
member till her removal from within its verge. 

My father having by this time returned from his 
western expedition, so well pleased that he contem- 
plated locating his family there the succeeding summer 
or autumn, wished once more to view his paternal habi- 
tation, and mingle with the kind friends and compa- 
nions of his " gone by days," came and met her in 
Philadelphia ; and . after a time of consultation, they 
concluded to leave me under the charge of their valua- 
ble relatives C. and P. Marshall, that I might have an 
opportunity of attending school, and gaining instruction 
in many useful things. This was a close trial to both, 
as we had never long been separated from each other ; 
but before we parted she gave me many admonitions, 
and directions how to demean myoolf. Her deep soli- 
citude for my present and eternal welfare, is depicted 
in lively colours in some of her letters addressed to me 
during the period of my sojourn there. Among the 
objects of her coneern was a fear that my reading 
would not be judicious, and in serious accents she 
warned me against the perusal of novels : on this point 
her testimony was strong, being built on experience, 
and any book prejudicial to the morals, or subversive 
of the order of the gospel, if found in the hands of her 
sons, was apt to find an appropriate position in the fire ; 
they, never presuming to inquire concerning its fate ; 



20 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MA.SON. 

for, with a strength of affection seldom if ever surpass- 
ed, she blended a firmness that made her word a law, 
and rendered a second solicitation to swerve therefrom 
needless. She carefully surveyed her motives for a 
refusal before the words passed her lips, and the futile 
promises so often made and so often broken by many 
parents, how they will act in case of future default, 
were to us unknown. When we committed deeds 
worthy of punishment, it was then inflicted so as ul- 
timately to spare her feelings the repetition of unplea- 
sant contests, to promote our happiness, and to relieve 
those with whom we mingled from the annoyance of 
witnessing commands reiterated, but still eluded or 
wholly disregarded. Hence arises a proneness in chil- 
dren to evade the truth, seeing its mandates are not 
implicitly obeyed by those on whom their penetrating 
eyes are turned for example. 

After* short sojourn in Chester County, they re- 
turned to Baltimore, and in the spring my father again 
set out for the west, with a determination to make ar- 
rangements there for the reception of his dispersed 
family. My mother remained in Baltimore with her 
kind and sympathising friends, J. and M. Carey ; be- 
ing separated from husband and children, and uncertain 
where her lot in life would be cast, she passed through 
deep baptisms, but the sustaining arm of Almighty 
Goodness was underneath, and preserved her feeble 
bark from sinking beneath the beating waves. Thus 
months passed on, and seeing no way to leave the city 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 21 

except on occasional visits to her friends and relatives 
in different parts of the country, her mind was ardently 
engaged to press after a state of entire resignation to 
the will of her heavenly Father, who, knowing the in- 
firmities of his children, graciously administers the very 
regimen suited to a cure ; and though bitter the com- 
pound, yet she patiently and meekly accepted the cha- 
lice from his sanative hand, and found living virtue 
therein, and "like ships in seas, whilst in" she dwelt 
" above the world." 

My Father having selected a spot he thought would 
answer his purpose, was engaged in culturing and mak- 
ing the requisite preparations before introducting his 
family, unused to the difficulties and privations experi- 
enced in newly settled countries, but owing, as she be- 
lieved, to a secretly guiding power that often wisely 
frustrates many a seemingly fair prospect, he could not 
find, liberty to proceed, but remained to gather in his 
produce and settle up his business there. 

Eighteen months had now rolled around, and her 
health somewhat renovated, she determined upon re- 
suming her school, and meeting with every encourage- 
ment she desired, she once more found herself sur- 
rounded by a numerous flock of little immortals, for 
whom she was deeply interested, and who took so firm 
a hold upon her affections, that her most pleasing avo- 
cations were in their service. Her dispersed family be- 
ing once more collected, time glided on in a smooth 
and gentle current, and her heart expanded in gratitude 



22 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

to the Author of every good and perfect gift, in that the 
well spring of life was again open and hei spirit privi- 
leged to drink from its invigorating stream, whilst re- 
newed health, peace, and competency were her portion. 
In the liberty that truth gives, she was now seen the 
cheerful companion in the habitations of her many kind 
friends, and her feelings enlisted in the innocent plea- 
santry of those in the morning walks of life ; she fre- 
quently was my attendant in the visits I made, and my 
contemporaries gave to none other a warmer welcome 
to their social board. 

To the poor and the afflicted she was a kind benefac- 
tress and friend. Moved with sympathy for sufferings 
her own resources were inadequate to meet, she promo- 
ted the organization of a female association for their re- 
lief, in the winter of 1797 ; the first, I believe, of the 
kind in Baltimore, at least none existed at that time to 
explore the lowly dwellings of the widow and the fa- 
therless, and to pour the oil of gladness into their 
hearts, by supplying the pittance needful to their con- 
dition. This society elected her its secretary, which 
office she held for several years, whilst it continued its 
successful operations in meliorating the wants of those 
who were unable to help themselves. 

But not to this class only was her benevolence ex- 
tended. To those whose improvidence had reduced 
them from affluence or a comfortable competency, to 
need the bread that had once fallen from their own ta- 
bles, and whose children were sharing the penalty of 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 23 

parental prodigality, she extended a helping hand, and 
with her own, and occasional supplies from those to 
whom she had related the tale of their woes, she fre- 
quented the markets, and with an eye to economy but 
to wholesome fare, procured for them the needful sup- 
plies from week to week, till the severity of the winter 
was passed, and work suited to their capacity to exe- 
cute more readily attained. 

Eight years were thus numbered without any thing 
materially diverse from the lot of mortality to mark 
their course, though' her health was very precarious, 
and several violent spells of illness aroused our fears ; 
but at length in the vicissitudes of life, and in the ful- 
filment of the inscription attached to all of earth, I saw 
with an anxious eye the inroads of that disease, which 
when once entered is seldom dislodged till its work 
terminates in the silence of the grave. An increased 
cough, hectics, nightly sudorifics were the harbingers 
that conveyed to my mind the dread tidings that she, 
whose counsel had been my guide in juvenile days, 
and whose companionship had enlightened and cheered 
my maturer years, was about to leave me desolated of 
all that gave most of value to human life. 

For two years she continued to vacillate from great 
languor to renewed strength ; but at length the period 
came, when the measure of probation was filled, and the 
redeemed spirit called to join its kindred throng 

" In worlds beyond the sun, 
Where Time's far wand'ring tide has never run." 



24 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

She was confined to her chamber only two weeks, 
and during that time conversed but little ; she said she 
regretted the doctors had prescribed anodynes for her 
cough ; that she would refuse taking them were it to do 
over again, in order that her mind might be more alive 
at such an important period, though she could not see how 
the scale would turn, but she was resigned either way ; 
she believed her work was done ; she charged me ne- 
ver to lose my hold on the precious Faith which in the 
course of her vicissitudes, she thought she had some- 
times nearly done. 

Among the many evidences that in foretaste she was 
participating in heavenly scenes, a few days before her 
release, when just arousing from a slumber, she called 
me to her bed side, and queried who were all those lit- 
tle girls and boys with wings on their shoulders, and 
who looked like angels ; she said her chamber appear- 
ed to be full of them. I told her she had been dream- 
ing, that I was alone with her ; but it was some time 
before she was convinced that I was not mistaken — 
then repeated, " I suppose it was a dream ; I thought, 
too, that something had separated me from thee, and I 
was distressed and searched every where, at last I found 
thee changed into a little child." 

The night previously to her close, she slept pretty 
well; but about eight o'clock in the morning, her coun- 
tenance changed, and her breathing became more dim- 
cult, presaging the rapid approach of the awful hour. 
Her near relations, most of whom being in town, at- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 25 

tending Yearly Meeting, were sent for. Her sister H., 
to whom she frequently refers in her writings, residing 
nearly a day's ride from the city, did not arrive in time 
to be recognised by her ; I seated myself on the head of 
the bed, and watched the fading embers of life which 
occasionally emitted a brightness that gave credulity to 
hope that the parting scene might be delayed, and a mo- 
ther's accents again fall sweetly on my ear : but it was 
all fallacious— about five o'oclock in the afternoon, the 
enfranchised spirit took its flight from earth, and I doubt 
not, found an entrance into joys unutterable, there to 
perpetuate in angelic anthemes the wonders of redeem- 
ing love ; proclaiming, " blessing, and glory, and wis- 
dom, and thanksgiving, and honour, and power, and 
might, be unto our God for ever and ever." 

She departed this life on the 11th of the 10th mo. 
1805, in the 57th year of her age, and this brief record 
of her excellence, I believe is due from her affectionate 

Daughter. 



TO SARAH ORRICK. 

Deer Creek, 1769. 
My Dear Aunt, 

Were there any probability that time or distance 
would erase you from my memory and affection, the 
privation in the heart of your Susan, would certainly 
ere this have taken place ; especially as I have had no 
proof that my dear aunt retains her remembrance of me, 
since our sorrowful parting, within an hour of your 
sailing for the Eastern Shore, where I suppose your 
time and thoughts have been engrossed by your gay 
and agreeable acquaintances. But be assured that in 
all the gay circle, you will not find one that loves you 
more than Susan. 

With the sensibility of a heart anxious for your wel- 
fare, 1 perused the sum total of your worldly felicity, 
in your letter to uncle Hall, which I suppose we may 
include in a well-chosen partner for life. Did I not tell 
you there was more in store for you than ever was re- 
vealed by any of your good doctors of physic or divi- 
nity in Cecil ? 

Please to present my intended uncle with my best 
respects, and tell him your niece reverences him as the 
happy gentleman, who, with the blessing of Provi- 
dence, I hope, will render you as completely blessed 
as the vicissitudes of time and temporal enjoyments 
can possibly admit. 



28 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

But a wish for your happiness extending no farther 
than the verge of time, would in reality be no happi- 
ness at all, or at best but a dream : For it is an estab- 
lished maxim, that worldly enjoyment is always grea- 
ter in expectation than in fruition, and often much less 
in retrospect ; but the solid and leading pleasure I sin- 
cerely wish you, is only to be found in the perfection 
of every Christian virtue in time, and the reward of 
such virtue in eternity. 

I have lived a very recluse life since I have been se- 
parated from my friend B. and you. 1 have made an 
acquaintance with a very worthy young gentleman of 
the clergy, whose library supplies me with an ample 
field for all my thoughts and meditations upon the most 
important subjects, and my evening's entertainment is 
generally one of those instructive pieces among the 
trees of this our rural seat. After this description of 
my life, you cannot expect I have any news to enter- 
tain you with. 

The current topic of conversation among the gentle- 
men (they being mostly politicians) is the affairs of 
State, and every brave son of Liberty is for leaving to 
posterity that inestimable blessing, by breaking off 
every connexion he possibly can with Europe. The 
good wives, inspired with the same noble resolution, 
are turning around the spinning wheel, in order to im- 
prove that most useful branch of the American manu- 
factures. 

I hope, my dear aunt, that when you commence 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 20 

wife, we shall see you an illustrious pattern to the ma- 
trons of this age, and that the name of the worthy Sa- 
rah Chilton, will make a figure upon record with the 
names of the rest of the wives in the noble cause of 
liberty. But the parting prayer of your Susan is, that 
your name may be found written on the everlasting re- 
cord of the book of life, with the name of your affec- 
tionate niece, 

Susan. 

" As an apology for the mode of addressing an indi- 
vidual in the plural number, the preceding letter was 
written at an early age, and before the author was a 
member of the Religious Society of Friends : whose 
peculiarity in this respect is deduced from scripture 
example, without any exception, from the first recorded 
converse with the head of the human family in the gar- 
den of Eden, till the exiled disciple of the Son of God 
closed his account of divine revelations in the Isle of 
Patmos. 

CRITICISM. 

The subsequent piece in the form of a letter, appears 
to be a criticism upon some exceptionable points in the 
work alluded to, but upon whom she thus comments, is 
unknown to the transcriber. It is without date ; but, 
presume it may be placed at an early period, from the 
circumstance of the plural number being used in her 
address to an individual." 
4 



30 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

A part of this letter merits the attention of the sex to 
which it is inscribed, and manifests that the author is 
well acquainted with the rocks and shoals upon which 
numbers have been cast away. Finding him so good 
a critic on our foibles and vanities in the first part, I 
expected to discover the same accuracy and depth of 
penetration throughout the whole performance, but was 
not only disappointed, but displeased, when in general 
terms he confines the brightest genius of our sex to eco- 
nomy and household affairs, as the only things for 
which nature formed them, and which are the highest 
qualifications they are capable of attaining. Do not 
you, my friend, think the person very contracted in his 
notions who would have us to be nothing more than 
domestic animals ? He was certainly very ignorant of 
the designs of nature, for in the beginning, she designed 
no superfluities, without which our time could not be 
wholly engrossed in providing the necessaries of life. 
The motive for exciting us to this wond'rous degree of 
perfection, and the sweet'ner of every toil in attaining 
it, according to his estimate, is this : The hope of be- 
ing rewarded at last with the affection of (whatever 
Nature intended in the formation of man, she now 
rarely produces) a man of worth. If it be an estab- 
lished maxim, that the stream can rise no higher than 
the fountain whence it flows, what then becomes of the 
immortal part, which, with lenity, he allows us to have ? 
This scheme for the improvement of the mind of a fe- 
male, is but a negative one, and terminating here, would 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 31 

in reality be no improvement at all. It is a known 
truth, that there are those of the sex who, so far from 
being 1 excited to the performance of this duty by the 
motives above mentioned, are actuated by a divine 
energy, which aspires after a more lasting happiness 
than aught on earth can give. Their sole ambition is 
to prepare for the fruition of such happiness in time, 
and to perpetuate it through eternity, by following the 
great model of Christian perfection, and thereby gain a 
noble victory over their own passions, and become wise 
in the knowledge of themselves. And if inclination 
should lead them to search into systems of divinity or 
philosophy, it is in order, in this twilight of human 
understanding, to gain a more explicit knowledge of the 
Deity they worship, and to seek him in his attributes, 
that they may the more adore his goodness. 

It is not for want of understanding, that such are not 
acquainted with the arts and sciences ; but a well-in- 
formed judgment teaches them that the above mentioned 
attainments in true wisdom, will procure for them more 
lasting happiness, fame, and renown, than all your sci- 
entific knowledge in astronomy, geometry, metaphy- 
sics, &c. &c. 

If the victory over our passions, the true knowledge 
of ourselves, and the serving of God, be the most wor- 
thy pursuits in life, then judge, you who are capable 
of forming a right judgment, whether we, though so 
much the subjects of your satire, may not vie with you 
in point of real merit. S. Hopkins. 



32 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 



My Dear 



I know I owe thee all that is due to friendship ; bnt 
whether a solution of thy question may properly be 
said to be thy right, is a matter I have doubts about ; 
however, as there can be no great danger in the present 
ease, I will venture to answer thy request, and inform 
thee what manner of person, fortune, family and cha- 
racter it is, that is likely to prove successful with the 
celebrated Belinda. As to his fortune, I am told it is 
unexceptionable, and his family respectable. His cha- 
racter may not be fixed in all points, of which I can 
give thee some idea. It happened that I was at a quilt- 
ing some time ago, where were several agreeable but 
talkative women, both married and single ; of course 
our conversation was diversified; among the topics, 
Lemuel's expected marriage with Belinda was one. 
Some asserted that he was a good natured man ; others 
were of a different opinion, giving for a reason that he 
was much addicted to profane swearing in common con- 
versation. Some alledged that it was only a custom he 
had unfortunately imbibed, and that he meant no harm 
by it; others again, thought it was impossible he could 
be amiable, believing no person swore unless out of 
humour, and that there was an evident want of delicacy 
and taste in a lady to whom an habitual swearer was 
agreeable. In short, his character was dissected and 
held up to view in every possible point, but upon the 
whole, I found swearing was the most sable part. 

Though I had frequently seen him, yet I had formed 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 33 

but a slight acquaintance, till some time in the preced- 
ing summer I paid a visit to the agreeable G.'s, where 
one morning as I sat with the family, which consisted 
of the old gentleman, his wife, their two daughters and 
young Charles, with pen, ink, and paper on a little ta- 
ble near the window ; and having a mind to amuse my- 
self, in order to be a little retired without quite with- 
drawing, I unfolded a screen that was intended to keep 
out the cold air, as occasion needed. I had not long 
been thus fixed, when a person came in, whom by his 
voice and salutation I knew to be Lemuel : he appeared 
quite in good humour, but as usual, interspersed all his 
discourse with swearing. As I sat concealed, with ma- 
terials before me, it just occurred to take down what 
he said in writing ; accordingly I began — wrote on the 
head of the paper, " A gentleman's salutation and sub- 
sequent discourse." In the very first line were two 
oaths ; he afterwards entertained them with an account 
of a fox-chase, that he with some others had had the 
day before ; the sequel of which was, that after several 
hours embarrassment and difficulty, they lost the fox. 
As he was very earnest in this narrative, I suppose he 
swore the more vehemently. Though the volubility of 
his tongue outran the expertness of my pen, yet, upon 
the whole, I believe I took it down nearly verbatim, 
not omitting any of the swearing part. Though he does 
not lack good sense, yet I assure thee, his discourse ap- 
peared very ridiculous on paper. After I had taken 
down a sufficient specimen, I underwrote, " Know ye 
4* 



34 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

not that for every idle word a man shall speak, he shall 
give an account in the day of judgment?" And having 
an opportunity to withdraw, by him unseen, I went 
into the kitchen and desired the girl to go in and shut 
up the screen, which (as he since told me) he never ob- 
served. I went round and entered the front door, as if 
just returning from a walk ;. he spoke very pleasantly 
to me, and after we had talked over the state of the 
weather and several other never-failing topics, he arose 
and humming a tune, walked several times across 
the room, took a transient view of some pictures then 
askance at himself in a glass, walked up to the table 
where the paper was, just cast his eyes upon it, and 
turned upon his heel, walked to the other end of the 
room and back again, several times, till at length, the 
oftener he looked on the table the more his curiosity 
was raised, and stooping down he muttered a line or 
two ; then taking it up he read it silently, held it in his 
hand awhile, then read it again. " Well, now," said 
he, " who has done this ?" Young Charles going to 
him, took it from his hand and read it, partly audibly, 
and partly to himself. The old gentleman then de- 
manded what it was, and desired them to hand it to 
him, and putting on his spectacles read it aloud. As 
neither he nor any of his family were in any wise ac- 
customed to the use of such expressions, they sounded 
very uncouthly from him ; the girls laughed immode- 
rately, but to me it was a serious thing, fearing he 
would be offended ; but he had never seen my hand- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 35 

writing, nor knew what kind of a genius I was, and my 
coming in as I did, seemed to clear me of all suspicion. 
He looked like one thunderstruck and in amazement ; 
however, after awhile he assumed something of his 
usual cheerfulness, but it was evident it was forced, 
and soon after told us he was our humble servant, and 
went away. For several days we were at a loss to con- 
jecture what effect the matter would have upon him ; 
but after awhile he came again and saluted us with his 
accustomed pleasantry, but swore none at all. I was 
very sociable with him, and bantered him upon being 
the victor among so many combatants for such a prize 
as Belinda, which he appeared to relish very well. But 
the first opportunity he had, he told me he had a favour 
to ask, and begged I would not refuse it. I told him I 
was disposed to obey him in any thing reasonable ; he 
then queried if I could tell him who wrote the paper 
he found on the table ? I told him if he would take no 
means of revenge, either directly or indirectly, against 
the person who did it, I would, which he promised he 
would comply with ; I then told him how I was fixed 
when he entered ; that it was a sudden turn of thought, 
without purpose, end, or design, when I began, but it 
just crossed my mind that perhaps such a picture of 
himself might alarm and convince him, which induced 
me to leave it there, and not with any intent to ridicule 
or offend him. He then asked to see it; I told him I 
had burnt it ; he said it was kind, and that he never ap- 
peared so ridiculous in his own eyes ; that swearing 



36 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

was a practice he had ever despised, and had from time 
to time determined to break himself of it, but through 
the prevalence of habit he had omitted it, but now was 
resolved to make a beginning. We had some serious 
conversation on the subject, and I have hopes that I 
shall make a proselyte* 

I have seen him several times since, and we are upon 
very good terms; so that I think Belinda's chance with 
Lemuel is by no means the worst. 



To C. M., of Philadelphia, 

Maryland, Jan. 1770. 
My Dear Friend, 

The hours I have spent with you, afford me a very 
pleasing retrospect. 

How delightful the society of those similar to each 
other in taste, sentiment, &c. Yet this is a satisfaction 
in which I have but a small share in the part of the 
world where it is my lot to be situated. 

Such is the constitution of temporal things, that we 
must not expect every earthly good at one time, and 
we must be satisfied with such a portion as Providence 
sees meet to bestow upon us. I cannot think myself 
unhappy whilst blessed as I am with kind indulgent 
parents, who limit none of my desires that are within 
the bounds of their circumstances, and through whom, 
I now enjoy the privilege of being retired from the 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 37 

world, with a few books, suitably adapted to improve 
the mind. 

But indulgent Heaven never gave us time and oppor- 
tunity, powers and faculties, without intending we 
should improve them; and I retain so much of the 
tincture of my mother Eve, as still to desire an increase 
of knowledge ; but in this thirst I hope I am blameless, 
for the kind of knowledge I aspire after, is that from 
which our first parents fell, and it is a natural propen- 
sity of the mind to regain it. 

Surely it is not beyond the bounds assigned to our 
sex to soar above the narrow skies, and by profound 
contemplation, search into the attributes of the Deity 
we profess to worship. Though we must know that 
the utmost stretch of human comprehension can trace 
but a faint delineation of the great Original, but to those 
who seek from right motives, it may perhaps be given 
to conceive of the Deity somewhat consistently with 
truth. The attribute which is the most pleasing sub- 
ject of my musing mind, is that which many have de- 
fined God in his essence to be, and that is love. 

The mystery that angels desire to look into, that de- 
sire I to be acquainted with, which is the redemption 
of fallen creatures through Jesus Christ. Here is a 
field for the most ardent stretch of thought, though the 
boldest flight of intellectual powers can never compre- 
hend the height, the depth, the length and the breadth 
of the love of God to his creature man. Yet, the wider 
the field, the more room there is for imagination to 



38 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

roam. Are we not then the more liable to err ? Sensi- 
ble of my own imbecility, I am fearful of diving into 
matters wherein I have no business to intermeddle whilst 
on the stage of time. But I know not how to bound 
my desires ; and when I turn my view outward and see 
the differing, and seemingly jarring opinions of good 
men, in regard to the dispensations of Providence to his 
rational creation, I am at a loss where to fix my assent 
and where to withhold. But from this external view I 
seldom derive any advantage. I find more benefit in 
examining what passes within my own breast, than I 
think I should receive from what pertains to the opera- 
tions of nature, were they all displayed to my finite 
view. 



Philadelphia, April 4th, 1770. 
Honest Susan, 

I must be indulged in addressing thee after this man- 
ner, being fully convinced it is applicable to my friend 
Susan, by the frequent and agreeable conversations dur- 
ing thy sojourn amongst us, as well as by the preser- 
vatioTi of that spark of friendship, which by thy kind 
letter I find retains all its lustre. Notwithstanding thy 
diffidence lest a multiplicity of business should so en- 
gross my attention as not to be able to make a suitable 
return, I am now willing to remove thy doubts by 
scribbling a few lines, though they may not be worth 



Memoirs of susanna mason. 39 

reading among the budget our friend Porter* will- bear 
thee. 

I have now to observe respecting thy letter, that as 
thou hast but little company of congenial taste and sen- 
timent, and delightest in reading and retirement, these, 
if blended with contentment, are better than all the 
gaiety and pleasures of this life. 

I fully approve the subject of thy musing mind, when 
it is on so exalted a theme as the redemption of man- 
kind by Jesus Christ : this I hope we may ever have 
in view, as it is our principal duty and interest. May 
we, my dear friend, profit by the manifestations of 
Divine Grace communicated, and come to know our 
day's work to be accomplished with our day. Surely 
were we to number with greatful hearts the many fa- 
vours and mercies bestowed, that extraordinary ray of 
Divine Light emanating from the Sun of Righteousness, 
would at last swallow up all in victory. Considera- 
tions like these, my friend, should teach us to abhor 
every appearance of ingratitude to so kind and merci- 
ful a Being, and stimulate us to press onward to a state 
of perfection. The promised reward to those who di- 
ligently seek, is that they shall be as Kings and Priests, 
and shall reign with Christ in his kingdom. These 
are the first fruits unto God of a sweet savour over 
which the second death can have no power. Our wor- 
thy friend, Porter, has frequently favoured me with his 
company ; the truly Christian sentiments entertained 

*A young Clergyman. 



40 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

by him, engaged me to desire he may be preserved in 
simplicity, which is Godliness, and as he is now return- 
ing home, I recommend him to thy care and notice. 

My spouse and little flock are all in the enjoyment 
of health, which I hope is thy case, with every other 
blessing. 

My wife frequently speaks of thee with pleasure, on 
recalling the agreeable hours you have spent toge- 
ther. 

Her love is to thee ; also our little Bell desires hers 
may be accepted : and believe me to be sincerely, thy 
affectionate friend, C. M* 



Mount Welcome, Cecil County. 

Thy friendly sympathy, my dear girl, so tenderly 
expressed, was very consolatory. I doubt not, to you 
who are spending your time so pleasantly amidst wed- 
dings and festivity, my present allotment may seem 
trying, to be thus confined a prisoner on this side the 
water, for such a length of time. I believe it would 
be so in reality, were it not for the consciousness I 
feel of being in the line of duty. This, where the mind 
is not agitated with vain hopes, or fruitless fears, may 
render almost any situation, if not agreeable, yet tole- 
rable. 

My aunt has been very poorly all winter, and the 
child we hardly expect will live. I have sat up with 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 41 

it half of every night for three weeks, which I find 
very trying on my constitution. 

Though I am out of my ordinary line in some things, 
yet even here, I meet with various occurrences, novel 
and entertaining. 

Being persons of note and distinction, we are con- 
sequently visited by the better kind of people, among 
whom are two clergymen and their wives, and one 
without a wife. One is a resident, and has a meeting- 
house about nine miles distant, where he officiates when 
the weather admits ; the second is upon a visit with his 
wife to her relations in this quarter ; and the third su- 
perintends a school in the neighbourhood, till opportu- 
nity offers for him to get into better bread. 

Those three have circularly preached at three differ- 
ent neighbours' houses ; my uncle's is one of them ; 
and when it happens there, I have opportunities of 
hearing them. One of them is an orator, and can 
adapt his discourses very well. He was one time expa- 
tiating very eloquently upon the uncertainty of time, 
and the carelessness of too many in suffering it to lapse 
away, without improving it as the consequence requires, 
when he observed several young persons very inatten- 
tively smiling at each other ; fixing his eye upon them, 
and reaching his hand toward where they sat, he added, 
this, my young friends, is a glaring instance of your 
carelessness and disregard, but the time may come, and 
sooner than you are aware, when you may think a thou- 
sand worlds a small compensation for the loss you may 
5 



42 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

sustain by your present inattention to your truest inter- 
ests. This rebuke, thou mayest be assured, sobered 
them for awhile. 

He is a man naturally of a good understanding, very 
facetious and pleasant in conversation, has a share of 
wit and humor, and mostly leaves us in better spirits 
than he found us. 

The second is of a singular make, both in person 
and mind ; and I should pay very little attention to him 
in any respect, further than civility, were it not that he 
serves to develop the difference that exists among men. 
He is esteemed a good man, but by no means formed 
for a dramatist of any kind. In the first place, he is 
uncommonly hard featured, which is an unfortunate 
circumstance to one so universally gazed at as their 
ministers while preaching generally are by these peo- 
ple. A handsome person, graceful carriage, and good 
delivery, are certainly more than half in enforcing their 
precepts. 

In the next place, he has so little sensibility in his 
looks, that all his declaiming and emotions cannot touch 
a single cord of out feelings ; he also disclaims plagiar- 
ism, which, upon occasions, might help him out in 
hard, knotty points, in which he is apt to deal, and set- 
ting up for an original, he is often so hampered and 
embarrassed, that he reminds me of the old proverb, 
" give a man rope enough, and he will hang himself." 
His sermon one day, consisted chiefly, in attempting 
to prove that the Almighty foreknew and foreordained, 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 43 

before Adam was created, that he should fall, and that 
it was best he should fall, because thereby the justice 
and mercy of God became manifest in the eternal de- 
struction of the reprobate, and in his unmerited love in 
the redemption of the elect, through Jesus Christ. Af- 
ter he had declaimed 'upon this subject with great ve- 
hemence, for more than an hour, he desisted, leaving 
his audience and himself (I am persuaded) not one 
whit wiser or better than when he began ; for my part, 
nothing but the novelty of his figure and subject en- 
gaged my attention. , In conversation he is stiff and 
formal, aiming at mystery or sublimity in all his re- 
marks and communications, and I generally make my 
face longer than usual, and am very grave in his pre- 
sence. 

The other is a single gentleman, lately ordained, and 
by no means disagreeable in person or conversation ; 
his subjects, both social and public, are mostly well 
chosen, and his manner of treating them would be ele- 
gant, were they not too much interspersed with enex 
cogitable terms and expression, nowise adapted to the 
capacities of his hearers, they being (a few families ex- 
cepted) rather of the lower class. 

It was my lot, the last time he preached, to sit pretty 
near him ; after the sermon was ended he laid upon the 
table a little pocket bible, which he had held in his 
hand, and often looked into whilst speaking, wherein, 
I suspect, he concealed notes to assist his memory, 
Several persons went up to speak to him, and the table 



44 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

being in the way, some one gave it a shove close to 
where I sat, when I recollected I had in my pocket a 
petition written by Dean Swift, praying a Pastor, in a 
catalogue of long hard words, to adapt his discourses 
to the A, B, C darian conceptions of his hearers ; this 
I slipped into his Bible ; it was written small, on thin 
paper, and nowise discoverable. He quickly after put 
it in his pocket and went away. 

I have heard my parents say, that from infancy I 
have had a turn for sly mischief ; and to this day I find, 
when opportunity offers, I spy it as quickly as a cat 
does a mouse. At times I indulge this propensity; at 
others, obey the dictates of prudence in restraint. 

I am here paying the debt of my mother, who says 
that my aunt, in her younger years, did the same for 
her when she was alike circumstanced ; and if I can 
but persevere to the end with the same cheerfulness 
that I have hitherto done, I may, perhaps, afterwards 
prescribe a clue for finding the philosopher's stone, 
which I am told lies in a contented mind. True, but 
let me not boast too soon, though at present many plea- 
sant reflections upon the blessings I enjoy, and my ex- 
emption from any real cause of inquietude, may shut 
out discontent and sorrow from my bosom ; yet it may 
be, that events which now lie concealed in the darkness 
of futurity, may some day prove my magnanimity, and 
leave me as divested thereof as the murmuring galley 
slave, chained to the oar for life. But why do I anti- 
cipate what may never be ? " Thy will be done," is a 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 45 

sovereign remedy for all temporary evils. In this re- 
signed disposition, I remain, as heretofore, thy affec- 
tionate Susan. 



Mount Welcome, Cecil County, Maryland. 
My Dear Friend, 

Being still a prisoner on this side the Susquehanna, 
where agreeable variety is sometimes wanting to diver- 
sify the scene, I thought I would so far indulge the 
scribbling vein, as to present thee with a few more of 
my lucubrations. I hope soon, however, to converse 
with thee through a more animated medium, as I think 
there is some prospect of my being released ere long. 

My aunt is getting better, and the infant over whom 
I have kept nightly vigils for more than three weeks is 
now recovering. He was a fine healthy boy till about 
three weeks old, when he was taken very sick, and 
continued casting up every thing he received into his 
stomach almost as soon as it was down, and then ap- 
peared hungry and ravenous again. It reminded me 
of Luther's kiln crops on Changling Head. The little 
creature daily pined away, and grew weaker and 
weaker, till we had not much prospect of his recovery. 
Various were the conjectures of the neighbourhood re- 
specting him ; but at last he vomited a worm of con- 
siderable length, and. is now likely to do well again ; 
since which, being a little more at liberty, I was soli- 
5* 



46 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

cited by several young acquaintances to accompany 
them upon a visit to a respectable family a few miles 
distant ; and having my uncle and aunt's concurrence, 
I went, and was pleased with the people, they being 
of the sober kind of Presbyterians. The first night we 
were there, the junior part of the company being in a 
room by themselves, soon began to be talkative and 
merry, and sang several songs. A proposal was made 
for every one in company to do the like. As I was 
the only one in the garb of a Quaker among them, I 
felt some tenaciousness to support the character as I 
thought it ought to be maintained. Whilst I was con- 
sidering how I should act, the good man of the house, 
not approving (as I supposed) of singing vain songs, 
summoned us all to attend upon family worship, at an 
earlier hour than usual ; he read a chapter, sang a hymn, 
and then offered up prayers. The part of scripture he 
chose was 2d Peter, 3d chap. When he came to the 
eleventh and twelfth verses, he made a pause, which, 
whether he had selected it out for his purpose, or whe- 
ther it was accidental, I could not tell ; but he per- 
formed the whole with a degree of solemnity that set- 
tled the spirits of the company the remainder of the 
evening. Among those of the family collected, I ob- 
served several blacks, who were warmly and decently 
clad, and whose sleek skins bespoke no want of bread. 
I also found they had instructed them to read the Bible, 
and were careful to get them to meetings on the Sab- 
bath days. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 47 

The next clay we were informed, that the young peo- 
ple belonging to a certain congregation were to meet at 
a house not very distant, to exercise themselves in sing- 
ing hymns and psalms ; and it was proposed that we 
should go also. As to the propriety of my doing so, I 
did not stand to consider it ; and the matter being novel, 
I agreed to make one of the party. Accordingly, to- 
ward evening we repaired to the place, and found a 
pretty large collection of young people, with a few el- 
derly ones, and their minister : these latter, I appre- 
hended, were to see that order was kept, and thought 
myself in no danger of being excited to any undue 
levity ; and what they were about to learn, was to me- 
thodize that part of their religious worship. When 
about thirty were collected, we were invited up stairs, 
into a room warmed by a stove. Here they exercised 
themselves for several hours, singing by rote, or by 
note, as seemed best to suit. I tried to feel if there 
was any thing like devotion, worship, or religion in 
it, but I must confess that I was not sensible of the 
least shred or trace, though I cherished nothing but 
charity and love toward the performers. When they 
had gone through what they deemed sufficient, the 
minister, about nine o'clock retired, and went home. 
He had not long been gone, when a man entered the 
room with a violin, the vibration of which soon set 
some of them to dancing. Among this company was 
a young doctor, in whom, when a lad, was discovered 
some genius for learning; and his parents, though but 



48 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

low in the world in respect to wealth, concluded they 
would do so much toward the gospel of Christ as to 
make him a minister. Accordingly, by dint of indus- 
try, they scraped as much together as was sufficient to 
give him a liberal education ; but a clerical profession 
not suiting the turn of his mind, he directed his atten- 
tion to physical subjects, and became a doctor. The 
education and opportunity for improvement that were 
bestowed upon him were not lost, for he is now a sen- 
sible, polite young man, and by no means a novice in 
conversation. To him I observed, I did not expect to 
see such a contrast as music and dancing immediately 
after singing spiritual songs. He answered, that he 
saw no contrast in it, but that it was alike innocent. 
Indeed, upon second thought, I might have said so too, 
(as it seemed to be but a second part of the same tune.) 
He further observed, that he could say his prayers and 
think as good thoughts when he was dancing as at any 
other time. I told him, as to that, his experience had 
the better of mine, as dancing was a diversion I was not 
accustomed to, and I believed it was of small import- 
ance to the suggester of all evil how well we thought 
or prayed, provided we did not practise Godliness. He 
then instanced Yorick's French Peasant, whose grace 
after supper was a dance, by way of returning thanks, 
with joy and gladness, to the beneficent Creator, for all 
his benefits. I remarked that to me, this, as well as 
several other of Yorick's occurrences, had more of the 
air of novelty than truth in them, therefore unsafe to 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 49 

be adopted as a precedent for the conduct of others. 
However, I was solicited to share in the exercise, but 
excused myself. 

Their spirits being raised by this kind of hilarity, 
when they grew tired of it, they changed the diversion 
by setting on foot several plays, which at first were 
exhibited only by a few, in order to excite mirth in 
the rest, but at length something more general was 
proposed, to draw pawns from all that were present. 
I was in a sad dilemma, not knowing how to get away 
without offending the company, nor could I by any 
means think of submitting to the familiarity which this 
kind of diversion leads into, but I soon hit upon an 
expedient ; as the heat of the stove did not suit me, I 
went and sat by it till I became sick, of which when 
I complained, the doctor advised me to try the fresh 
air. I went immediately down stairs where the elderly 
people whom I first mentioned were sitting ; they fur- 
nished me with a drink of cold water, which, with a 
little fresh air let in at the door, soon recovered me, 
and I took my seat with them. I found them busily 
engaged in conversation. Among these was a man of 
no small ability for disputing, in which indeed they all 
claimed superiority. Here, again, I found myself in 
a box ; one of the women took notice that my dress 
was a very good silk, but she thought the colour rather 
grave for a young person. I told her I preferred it to 
one of a gayer hue. Another then asked me why the 
Quakers dressed so differently from other people. I 



50 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

told her we found the advice of Timothy ii, and 9th 
verse to correspond with our religious opinion in re- 
spect to our clothing. The man above alluded to, re- 
marked that he should be inclined to think there was 
something of religion in it, if he did not see that though 
our dress was grave, yet we admitted that which was 
costly ; and for his part, he thought the superfluity of 
dress consisted more in the expense than in the shape 
and colour. As he had me at a disadvantage, I justi- 
fied it upon another scale, which was, that a plain dress 
was more becoming than a gay one. He said that he 
thought plainness best became handsome women : but 
in proportion as they were wanting in beauty and good 
qualities, the trappings of dress became more necessary 
to set them off; for, said he, take a right down ugly 
woman, who has neither sense nor merit, and dress 
her as some of your sort dress, rough and plain, and 
she is just nothing at all. The doctor who had come 
down to see how I was, asserted that for his part, 
he could conceive nothing upon earth more like an 
angel than a beautiful young Quaker, in whose coun- 
tenance presided mildness and innocence, in a neat 
plain dress, especially, continued he, (looking me ear- 
nestly in the face) when there are added a few strokes 
which denote the most refined wit and understanding. 
I was going to give him a nod of thanks, but an after 
thought prevented me. I told him that my ideas of 
angelic forms were different ; and if we might com- 
pare earthly visible beings with invisible heavenly ones, 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 51 

I thought a real Christian, young or old, whose coun* 
tenance wore that signature, under the exercise of true 
devotion came the nearest to my conception of an an- 
gel. The elderly man asked me if I meant every one 
who sat in a silent meeting, with plain clothes and de- 
mure looks, under which, he had no doubt, the devil 
was often very busy, and he had known great decep- 
tion couched under some of them. I told him, no, nor 
those who in preaching, counterfeit emotions they do 
not feel, and in repeating their prayers with mock so- 
lemnity, turn their eyes up to the ceiling; nor faces 
drawn out of their natural shape by affected devotion ; 
I did not mean grimace, but reality. He said the Qua- 
kers were a people he had a great respect for, and were 
it not for their denying the sacraments and the Lord's 
supper, he knew of no people, excepting his own so- 
ciety, he would more readily join in communion with. 
Several messages had been sent requesting my com- 
pany up stairs, which, to avoid, I was under the neces- 
sity of going deeper into those matters than otherwise 
I should have done. One of the women, who valued 
herself upon being a minister's daughter, and the ad- 
vantages of her education, desired I would inform her 
why the Quakers differed from all the other Christians 
in regard to the sacraments. I was not disposed to give 
a direct answer, which she observing, said, I have 
often wondered why the best and wisest among you, 
when questioned, can give no account of your faith. 
You have some writers that pretend to do it, who, I 



52 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

am told, define every thing mystically ; and I have 
often thought they have made the word of God so ab- 
struse, that very few of you understand your own prin- 
ciples. I told her they did not deny either the baptism 
or the Lord's supper ; but as it required experimental 
knowledge to make us sensible how we held them, it 
was like prostituting things sacred to profane uses, to 
make them a subject of common chat, which we might 
learn from our Saviour's injunction, " cast not your 
pearls before swine ;" but to a sober inquirer, who was 
desirous to ask for information, and not disputation, the 
least child, in experience, among us, would put him in 
a way of being informed. She said, from her educa- 
tion, she was perfectly acquainted with practical reli- 
gion, and for her part, she would be glad were it to be- 
come more and more a subject of conversation. I told 
her, if she derived benefit from it, it would be well to 
make it a practice ; that, according to Dr. Young, 

"Those who make no other use of their religion but chat, 
'T would be hard indeed, should be debar'd of that." 

I began to think we had better part while we were 
friends, and desired they would use their influence for 
an adjournment, which they did, and the company broke 
up about two in the morning. We had no supper, 
and as soon as we reached my uncle's we regaled our- 
selves on some cold fare and retired. When I laid 
down, I could not close my eyes to sleep, till I had ex- 
amined what had passed, and the share I had had in 
the transaction ; and though I felt little or no condem- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 53 

nation, yet I believed were I to go again knowing what 
would be acted, I should not come off so clear : I then 
returned thanks to my kind Preserver, for all his fa- 
vours, not forgetting that of my being born a piece of 
a Quaker. 

Now, my dear, I think it is time to come to a pe- 
riod, which I shall do in subscribing myself thy affec- 
tionate Susan, 

SELF COMMUNION. 

Let thy zeal be exercised in thy own reformation* 
\efore thou attemptest'the reformation of thy brother 
or sister. Thou art very skilful in excusing thy own 
faults, but thou art slow in framing an excuse for the 
actions of others. Take heed to thyself ; consider at 
what a fearful distance thou art, from that charity which 
hopeth all things, beareth all things. Measure the 
space between thee and that humility and contrition 
of heart that knoweth no indignation nor resentment 
against any being but thyself. Here in thy own heart 
is thy harvest-field, where thou canst profitably labour, 
and where thy diligence will be requited with the 
wages of peace in time, whilst the cheering promise of 
gathering fruit unto life eternal, will be thy confidence 
through the burden and heat of the day. 

6 



54 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

Philadelphia. 
If meeting with kindness and respect from a number 
of agreeable friends, relations, and acquaintances, and 
in sharing a pleasing variety of amusements can be 
supposed to confer happiness, then thou mayst think 
me very happy indeed, for these I have met with in this 
city far beyond my most sanguine expectations. But 
from my feelings at times, I am inclined to think that 
true happiness is something more sublime than the ele- 
vation of spirits which such circumstances are calcu- 
lated to excite. I confess that amidst the hours of my 
most thoughtless vivacity in company with those who 
discover nothing more profound than myself, I am 
sometimes impressed with such a humiliating concious- 
ness of what I am, and what I may expect to be after 
a few more fleeting days are numbered, that I feel a 
void which none of those pleasures and amusements 
are capable of filling, an anxiety they cannot allay, or in 
any way satisfy. But this is a subject I shall at pre- 
sent leave, in order to give thee some account of those 
occurrences which diversify my time and attention. 

Thou mayst remember, that in some of our social 
interviews, we sometimes disputed on the force of love ; 
how far it was capable of operating, so as to take life. 
My sentiments were, that no person died merely from 
disappointed love ; thou thought the contrary. If the 
following narrative will throw any light upon the sub- 
ject, so as to determine the matter, it is entirely at thy 
service. A few evenings since, I had just returned from 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 55 

a ride with a pleasant party, and was rehearsing over 
the occurrences of the day, when a person came run- 
ning into the house, in great haste, for some volatiles, 
adding, that a gentleman had fainted in the street, close 
by. He was readily supplied, and we repaired imme- 
diately to the front door to see what was going on ; but 
the object of our inquiry was so closely surrounded by 
the kind and the curious, that we could not discern 
him. After a time he was sufficiently relieved to be 
removed, and being near the place of my sojourn, was 
brought in and placed in the front parlour. I waited 
till the bustle was a little over, and then went in to in- 
quire concerning the cause of his indisposition. He 
was seated in an arm chair, with several around him ; 
his faintness had passed away, but he was crying like 
a child that had been beaten. I supposed he was trou- 
bled with hypochondriacal notions, and sat some time 
viewing him with great commiseration ; at length, I 
ventured to ask one of his attendants if this were the 
case ; he answered, "no." " Has he just lost any near 
friend or relation ?" " No. " Is he sick ?" " No." I 
was fearful I should appear impertinent by further in- 
terrogations, and desisted. As I sat pondering what 
should occasion such distress, I concluded it could be 
no other, than that he had offended Him who made 
him, and that he considered himself under His divine 
displeasure. I could conceive no other cause in nature 
sufficient to excite in a man such emotions of sorrow. 
After some time he appeared a little more composed ; 



56 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MA-SOX 1 . 

when I seated myself near him, and began to console 
him in the best manner I was capable, by reminding 
him of the goodness and mercy of the Almighty, who 
never afflicts but for our restoration, or refinement in 
virtue. He said he knew all that ; through favour he 
was at no variance with his Maker ; as to matters be- 
tween them he felt no inquietude ; he was perfectly re- 
conciled to all his dispensations concerning him, which 
he was fully satisfied were ordered in best wisdom. 

Here again I was utterly defeated, and had to leave 
him without any clue to his perturbation. He was soon 
after sufficiently calmed to make his departure ; but still 
my curiosity was not satisfied. However, in a few 
days, I was invited to meet a dinner party at the house 
of a friend. I had not long been seated, when in came 
this very gentleman, with a lady leaning on his arm : 
his air, deportment, and countenance, were entirely 
changed, indicating that his trouble, whatever it might 
have been, was removed, and joy had displaced sorrow 
from his heart. I did not long remain ignorant of the 
cause. This lady, I found, was the object of his wishes, 
of his adoration ; and she, knowing the ascendancy she 
had over his affections and his reason, ruled, at times, 
with the most arbitrary and insolent sway: whilst he, 
poor soul, though a man of very good sense in common 
affairs, in this, was the most perfect dupe I ever be- 
held. She is, professedly, a religious character, and ce- 
lebrated for the strength of her understanding ; but her 
vanity, to me, in this instance, was very disgusting. 






MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 57 

After a little acquaintance with her, she informed me, 
in confidence, that she had occasioned the disorder I 
had witnessed in him a few evenings before, which she 
recurred to with much seeming satisfaction, praised him 
for his nice sensibility, of which she gave me another 
instance. She said she had spent some time in the 
country ; that whilst there, they had kept up a regular 
correspondence. Once she had written a letter to him, 
but being disappointed in an opportunity to send it, she 
kept it till she returned, and then delivered it herself. 
He opened it in her presence, and as he read the tears 
trickled down his face., till at last he had to leave the 
room, to give vent to his tender emotions. 

Upon taking in at once, the idea of the whole matter, 
the fainting, the bustle in the street, my mistake, her 
account, and their present deportment, I burst into a fit 
of laughter, without considering whether proper or not ; 
but soon recollecting it was inconsistent with good 
manners to treat so lightly an affair, which to her ap- 
peared serious, I restrained my levity. 

I think my argument has gained no strength by this 
relation ; and whether the poor dupe may not yet be 
so far trifled with as to weep his life away, time must 
determine. 

Upon pondering matters since, and observing how 
materially religiously disposed people err at times in 
conduct, I am ready to believe their errors arise from 
the want of a due restraint upon their passions. To ef- 
fect this object, much sincere labour is requisite, to 
6* 



58 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

subject them even to the laws of reason ; and I am 
fully satisfied the sooner we begin, and the more earn- 
est we are in the work, the more rational will our 
lives and conduct be in the sight of men, and surely- 
more conformable to the example of Him who has left 
it as an indispensable duty, and a proof of true recti- 
tude, to deny ourselves, to take up our daily cross, and 
follow him. 

May we, my dear friend, ever keep an eye upon the 
straight gate and the narrow way, through which only 
admittance is gained into the heavenly Father's King- 
dom ; and with holy confidence encounter and put to 
flight every temptation to wander therefrom, is the part- 
ing salutation of thy Susan. 



To P. M., Philadelphia. 
Baltimore County, Mel, March 20th, 1770. 
My Dear Cousin, 

Lest those friendly impressions which I desire to 
perpetuate in thy mind should be buried in oblivion, be 
pleased to accept this small token which is enclosed, 
and one for little E., who, I suppose, has before this 
time forgotten " Tuty" as she used to call me. How 
gladly would I testify my affection to both of you by 
doing all in my power to render it agreeable to you to 
spend some time in this healthful part of the world. 

The vernal season win soon arrive, when each rural 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 59 

scene will be clothed in all its beauty, and in other re- 
spects I think we can hold out some inducements for 
you to visit us, 

I dreamed a few nights ago that I saw thee ; a se- 
rene and pleasant smile sat upon thy countenance, 
which indicated a happy mind ; thy face wore the 
bloom of a rose, in the morn of a spring day sun, and 
thy dress was neat and elegant ; now, if there be any 
thing in dreams, I hope this portends thy future good. 
May it please Divine Goodness to restore thy health, 
that thou mayst continue to be a comfort to the best of 
husbands, and that the minds of your tender offspring 
may still be instructed in the ways of piety by thy pre- 
cept and example ; so that in the first dawn of their 
reason, a foundation may be laid whereon their happi- 
ness will stand securely when all sublunary things 
shall have been involved in one common fate. 

And through whatever dispensations Providence may 
see meet to lead thee, may thy foundation of everlast- 
ing bliss be built upon the Rock of ages ; then neither 
the storms nor the tempests of life, nor yet the shock 
of death, that most gloomy hour, shall be able to shake 
the solid basis upon which thy hopes are built. 



60 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

To C. M., of Philadelphia. 
Deer Creek, Maryland, May 8th, 1770. 

My Esteemed Friend, 

The reception of thy kind epistle was an acceptable 
proof of the continuance of thy friendship, which I 
shall ever be pleased to possess, and be assured that I 
am proud of my capacity to return a greater degree of 
true regard, than I have any right to expect from my 
friend CM. 

Thy sentiments on this point, as well as on many 
others, agree with my own ; that is, if domestic scenes, 
rural life, and a few good books to employ hours of 
leisure, be mixed with content, they will ensure more 
peace of mind than all the amusements of the gay, or 
pursuits of the ambitious, for the scene of action on the 
stage of mortality will shortly be closed, and then we 
shall find it, as thou hast said, " to be our principal 
interest to know our day's work to be fully accom- 
plished," that we may not experience a separation from 
Him, with whom our union is our only happiness. 

I hope the consideration of those mercies thou hast 
mentioned, will ever be sufficient to suppress every 
feeling of ingratitude towards so kind and beneficent a 
Creator. I believe that all he does to, and for us, that all 
his dispensations tend toward the accomplishment of 
his grand design in creating finite intelligences, which, 
under his government and direction, would be verging 
onward to a state of perfection. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 61 

This idea of God's providence, I think, ought to 
be sufficient to inspire true resignation and pure love to 
the Deity, whom many profess to worship, but under 
very different apprehensions of his attributes. But, if 
in this Babel of opinions, we can find humility and 
love, we find the Kingdom of Heaven. 



Baltimore County, Nov. 30th, 1770. 

Dear Cousin, 

I have, at length, arrived safely at my own habita- 
tion, but by some means I took a cold, and a pain in 
my side, which detained me a week at the house of a 
very honest farmer, about twenty miles from home, 
where I was kindly cared for. Our prospects of hu- 
man life appear very different in sickness and in health, 
which thou, in thy present declining state, may per- 
haps experience. 

Did we always enjoy uninterrupted health and pros- 
perity, we should be likely to forget what poor frail 
creatures we are, and that we are daily obnoxious to 
those casualties, which sooner or later will sweep us off 
the stage of mortality into that eternal world, where 
true piety only will give distinction. How vain, then, 
it is, to value ourselves upon any thing less solid and 
permanent than that piety, which will, in the winding 
up of this momentary scene, recommend us to a place 
in the mansions of everlasting bliss. That thou, my 



62 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

cousin, mayst find a seat there, is my ardent wish. 
But in order to obtain this blessedness, it is necessary 
to turn the eye of the mind inward, and there to culti- 
vate the talent bestowed upon us by our great Master, 
who will shortly demand the interest with the sum 
given to improve upon. Were this improvement our 
principal study and pursuit, we should find little or no 
time or inclination to explore the defects of others, 
and by examining our own hearts, we should see our 
failings, numerous as they are, more clearly than those 
of other people. 

Be pleased to tell John Proud I will accept the book 
he offered me. My respects to Uncle and Aunt 
Howell. Thy affectionate cousin, 

Susan Hopkins.. 



Extract from a Letter, dated 1771. 

My sister H. and I intended to see you in Philadel- 
phia last spring, but her only son was taken ill with a 
hectic fever, and the doctor thinks unless some unex- 
pected alteration takes place, it will ere long termi- 
nate his earthly sojourn. 

I have had a violent cold, which has nearly laid an 
embargo on my faculty of speech, but through mercy 
the powers of reflection are still continued, which af- 
ford me sufficient entertainment. A well disciplined 
mind surely is the source of our highest enjoyments ; 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 63 

but I candidly confess that mine are not always suffi- 
ciently concentrated there, nor do I believe they ever 
will, till I have made a greater sacrifice of my own 
will and inclinations. The nearer I seem to approach 
Christianity, the straighter the gate, and the narrower 
the way appears, so that it may well be said, flesh and 
blood cannot inherit the Kingdom. 

But I hope, that through that Infinite Power which 
must fight all our battles for us, if we ever become con- 
querors, my spiritual enemies will yet be subdued, and 
my mind be prepared to receive, and to communicate 
all the good entrusted 'to my stewardship. 



To P. M. of Philadelphia. 

Deer Creek, 5th Mo. 1772. 
Dear Cousin, 

Although the quietude of a rural situation furnishes 
nothing of moment to communicate to thee, yet still 
gratefully recurring to every instance of thy kind atten- 
tion to me, I cannot rest satisfied without sometimes re- 
peating that thou yet hast a part in the affections of thy 
cousin. 

The beauties of the vernal season afford me at present 
a pleasing variety of amusements. The woods, fields, 
and meadows display a lovely green, the fruit trees 
diffuse a fragrant smell, and the birds among the 
branches delight the ear with their melody. With my 



64 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON-. 

work, a book, or a friend, I sometimes spend an after- 
noon in some shady retreat, where the great Author of 
these and of every other blessing, is generally the sub- 
ject of converse or of contemplation ; and having some 
domestic cares, such as the tillage of a garden, and 
poultry of different kinds to look after, I find but little 
time to spend in idleness; and if Cousin C. and thyself 
will favour us with a visit next month, we will treat you 
to chickens and peas, strawberries and cream, (in which, 
when in season we always abound,) together with a 
hearty welcome to our mansion, where I shall be highly 
delighted to have an opportunity to retaliate some part 
of thy kindness to thy 

SUSAN. 



Extract from a letter not dated, to a friend 

IX Ex GLAND. 

When I agreed to correspond with thee across the At- 
lantic, I little expected thou wouldst pitch upon a sub- 
ject upon which I feel extremely awkward, especially 
when writing to a gentleman ; because there are two 
things commonly used in treating upon it, the one is to 
dress out a little truth with much fiction, the other is 
coquetry, which I believe are often practised by both 
sexes, and as to the symptoms thou mentionestof pal- 
pitations, tremors, &c upon opening my letters, sigh- 
ings and dreams afterward, I confess I am inclined to 
believe they are indications of the hypochondriac rather 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 65 

than lover, and would recommend to thee, not to sit too 
intensely at thy studies ; use exercise, drink a moderate 
proportion of wine every day, and eat heartily of rye 
mush and milk. * * * * * * 
$ * $ * * * * * * 

Let no local attachment disqualify thee from acquiring 
every useful and ornamental accomplishment and ex- 
cellence, which such an opportunity is calculated to 
afford. 

Solomon wisely observes, there is a time for all 
things, and for every purpose under the sun ; therefore 
let me advertise thee that the present epoch with thee 
will be much misapplied, if not engaged in gaining a 
just and competent knowledge of men, manners, cus- 
toms, laws, politics, &c. If to these thou should add 
a close investigation into the avenues of thy own heart, 
and trace thy high lineage, even an heir of immortality, 
yet still a child of the dust, thou wilt be the less likely 
to become initiated into the popular vices of the old- 
world. 



Extract from a letter to a friend, dated 

3d Mo. 1773. 

I appeared to be verging toward a state of health. 
when I was taken with the meazles and was violently 
held. My friends were fearful of the consequences ; 



66 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

but I had no expectation that my state of probation 
was so near its end as they supposed. My mental eye 
surveyed vicissitudes yet to come, before this mutable 
scene shall for ever close with me. May that solemn 
period, when it shall arrive, find me engaged as the 
faithful steward of whom we read, diligently watching, 
and faithfully discharging my duty. Let us, my dear 
friend, mutually endeavour to be ready, for we "know 
not the day nor the hour when the Son of Man cometh." 

My dear father, though upward of three score years 
of age, has suffered with the same disease : this, added 
to other bodily infirmities, has made the conflict go hard 
with him. 

I hope these admonitory lessons upon the uncertainty 
of human life, may induce me duly to appreciate each 
added day as a loan from the bountiful Donor, in order 
that I may fill up to his glory the station he has assign- 
ed me among the children of the dust. Which is, " to 
do justly, to love mency, and to walk humbly before 
Him." 



Deer Creek. 

Right or wrong, subject or no subject, still thou in- 
sistest upon the maintenance of a correspondence with 
Cleora ; thou sayest it is the most fashionable way of 
writing letters, to say a great deal, very handsomely, 
about nothing ; but I confess it is an art in literature I 
have not yet acquired ; and unless I really find some- 






MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 67 

thing to say, I am like Yorick, when, after several 
fruitless attempts, he throws down his pen in despair, 
exclaiming, " I cannot write this self-same letter !" 

But I have now a little matter, though it is not of 
much account, yet it may serve to amuse thee, and at 
the same time to show how ready I am to obey thy 
commands. 

I lately made an excursion from home of about five 
and twenty miles ; as I expected a female relation to 
accompany me back, I rode alone in the chaise ; my 
brother Charles escorting me on horseback. The roads 
were bad most of the way, so that I had no leisure to 
amuse myself with any thing but taking thought how 
I might best avoid being overset. When we came to 
the Falls of Gunpowder, it was exceedingly dangerous 
crossing, especially to such as were not acquainted 
with the way, and being fearful, I drove up to a house 
not far off to make some inquiry about it ; when out 
stept a handsome young beau, assuring me it was quite 
a risk for a stranger to attempt it, and kindly offered 
to conduct me over. I told him I would be obliged to 
him if he would ; he instantly stept in, with a pleasure 
in his countenance that I could not account for. He had 
not been seated more than three minutes when he thus 
accosted me : " Well, madam, you are a widow, and I 
a widower." As it was an assertion, and not a ques- 
tion, I did not contradict him. He then asked me how 
long Mr. H. had been dead. I told him about eighteen 
months. He queried if I did not incline to marry 



68 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

again. I told him a person who lost so good a hus- 
band as he was, ought to be very careful how she made 
a second choice. He said that was true, and doubted 
not I had prudence to direct me in so important an af- 
fair, adding, that if it were agreeable to me, he in- 
tended to pay his addresses to me. I observed, that he 
was in every respect an entire stranger to me, never 
having, to my knowledge, either seen or heard of him 
before. He wondered that I should so soon have for- 
gotten him, it not being more than three months since 
he had the pleasure of conversing with me at such a 
place, and thought he had then given me some intima- 
tion of his intentions ; that I had with me three beauti- 
ful little daughters ; and notwithstanding my forgetful- 
ness, and insensibility towards him, the impression 
which my beauty and agreeable conversation had made 
upon him, was not so easily effaced. I told him, as to 
intimations, I did not build much upon them, and that 
there was not the least trace of his person or any inter- 
view with him, in my ideas. He was amazed at that. 
He then proceeded to tell me his name, place of resi- 
dence, &c. ; referred me to several gentlemen of note, 
whom I knew, for his character, which, he said, were 
he not conscious of being clear from blemish, he would 
not presume to offer to a lady of my most distinguished 
merit. He then gave me a minute detail of his estate, 
which was considerable, and in which he assured me 
he did not deceive me, as he looked upon it to be every 
lady's right to be made fully acquainted with the cir- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON 69 

cumstanees of her proffered lover, before much proce- 
dure toward marriage. I told him it was candid. He 
then insisted, if, upon inquiry, I should find what he 
said was true, that he might be admitted as my admi- 
rer; he would leave every other contingency at present, 
not doubting I would use him generously, let my in- 
clination turn as it might. 

As we had now crossed the Falls, and driven more 
than a mile beyond, I began to turn the discourse, by 
apoligizing for the trouble I had given him. He said 
he thought it none, but rather a fortunate circumstance 
that he had met with ,such an opportunity of serving 
me. I told him I could not impose upon his goodness 
by putting him to further trouble, as he would have to 
return on foot; and laying hold of the reins, stopped 
the horse, at the same time telling him I acknowledged 
his kindness, and when it should lay in my power, he 
might rest assured I would make him a grateful return. 
He seemed quite elated at this declaration, and I was 
sensible he put a construction upon it that I had not in- 
tended ; then pressing my hand several times, he stept 
out of the chaise. I again thanked him for his kind- 
ness, but told him I believed he had been mistaken in 

his object ; that I was not the widow H . " Not 

Mrs. H. ?*' said he. "No," said I, "I am not." Never 
did I see any creature so confounded. The horse was 
impatient to be going, and sat off; I looked back at 
some twenty yards distance, and he was standing still 
in the very same spot where he had alighted. 



70 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

Though I meant no more by not undeceiving him 
sooner, than a little piece of diversion, yet I could not 
justify my conduct upon the principle of doing as I 
would be done by, however blameable he might be, 
for making suit to a person he had so little acquaintance 
with. 

The mystery was this : My sister H. had met with 
him as she journeyed home from South River, with 
three of her children, whither she had been on a visit 
to sister H. Snowden. I was riding in the same chaise, 
drawn by the same horse, with the same kind of a rid- 
ing dress, and strangers say there is a great likeness. 

S. H. 

" From this novel courtship, a curiosity may arise to 
know whether the astounded lover ever after sought an 
alliance with the widow H.; but, disheartened by his 
mortifying mistake, he abandoned his purpose, and ne- 
ver again ' intimated his intentions' to her, or had an 
interview with her. From many little occurrences I 
have heard related of her, she appears to have been 
pretty severe upon the self-presuming lords of creation. 
As an instance, one of these, in the form of a beau, a 
stranger to her, thinking to gain the favour of the fair, 
by unbending himself in long-continued freaks of frivo- 
lity, without any reference to those whose minds were 
stored with materials for rational pastime, at length de- 
sisted, and addressing her, said, " well, Miss, I have 
turned fool to-night just to please the ladies." She 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 71 

gravely remarked, that he had acted his part so well, 
that she thought he had always been one. This appro- 
priate rebuke silenced his folly for the remainder of the 
evening." 



" In the subjoined piece, written in answer to a com- 
munication published in the Pennsylvania Magazine, 
signed " An Old Bachelor," she has personated her 
sister, the widow H., and correctly delineated the cha- 
racter of her husband, to whom she was very early in 
life united, and over whose death, and her own desola- 
tions, she was early called to mourn." 

Eliza would not wish to intrude, or presume to op- 
pose to the more experienced in life, or skilled in the 
science of human nature, her sentiments, which have 
been formed in obscurity, and nursed in the shades of 
rural retirement ; but my experience, somewhat differ- 
ent from any I have seen exhibited in the Pennsylvania 
Museum upon the subject, may at least serve to fur- 
nish variety. 

When I was young, and my bosom a stranger to 
care — when judgment and sober reason had fixed upon 
my understanding but few principles for the govern- 
ment of my future life, or yet had rectified the foibles 
of the thoughtless vivacity of youth, I was courted by 
Gulielmos, a man of sobriety, understanding, and a 
competent fortune ; he possessed also many amiable 



72 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

qualities of heart, which shone conspicuously through 
every part of his conduct, and attracted my highest es- 
teem ; on this was founded my sincerest affection. 

Till Hymen had completed our union, my most san- 
guine expectations had never portrayed to my imagina- 
tion the height of that felicity which a tenderly affec- 
tionate and sensible companion is capable of conferring. 
He seemed sufficiently blessed to see me happy, and 
omitted nothing in his power to make me so ; nor 
days, nor years, effected any change in his tender assi- 
duities. He was a fond, indulgent parent. Often have 
I seen his countenance glowing with parental delight, 
while the innocent prattlers, climbing his knees, would 
lisp their tender ideas, which he never failed to assist, 
with such instruction as their infantile reasons were 
capable of receiving. He was a kind master ; his do- 
mestics paid the utmost cheerful obedience to his com- 
mands, through affection rather than fear. His conduct 
and example rendered his family regular and peaceful, 
and diffused happiness through all his borders. His 
heart was susceptible of the most tender feelings, yet, 
when death robbed us of a lovely boy, and under trials 
of a like nature, resignation and true Christian fortitude 
beaming from his brow, bespoke the inward rectitude 
and composure of his soul. He was magnanimous and 
brave, both in prosperity and in adversitiy ; neither de- 
pressed by any worldly loss, nor elated by any fortui- 
tous event. Thus armed with divine philosophy, he 
rose superior to the evils of time, and tasted, by antici- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 73 

pation, that happiness which he was formed to enjoy. 
To the poor, the widow, and the fatherless, he was a 
never failing friend and assistant ; a useful member of 
society, both in a public and private capacity ; and he 
endeavoured to promote order and happiness, by the 
means of perfect veracity and uncorrupted justice. 

But how shall I recite the sad sequel, or recount the 
scene of my deepest sorrows? When the returning 
sun of eleven summers had matured our felicity, and 
cemented our u. ion by five of the most engaging ties, the 
greatest of all afflictions severed from me this inestima- 
ble blessing. It is foreign to my purpose, nor indeed 
has language energy to describe the anguish of my soul 
on this occasion ; but let it suffice to add, that taught by 
the melancholy dictates of a bleeding heart, the short- 
ness and uncertainty of all earthly enjoyments, I be- 
came sensible that nothing but the comforting prospect 
which Christianity affords, can yield true support to a 
mind labouring under trials like these. And however 
we may neglect to improve, and enrich the mind with 
the truths of religion, yet a day will come when we shall 
need all the consolation it is calculated to administer. 

To conclude — whatever reflections the wisdom and 
sagacity of the Literati may suggest, or the stupid du- 
plicity of Ignoramus declare, upon the subject of mar- 
riage, it is evident beyond a shadow of doubt, that, to a 
mind like Gulielmos', it is the highest state of human 
felicity, and resembles that of the beneficent Beings 
above, whose joys are increased by participation. 



74 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

" The following brief sketch of the location of her 
native home, with the appending scenery ; an account 
of the marriage of her sister H., her place of residence, 
&c. was taken in the summer of 1828, whilst on a visit 
there, and is here offered as a further development of 
circumstances connected with the days of her youth." 

Beer Creek, 8th Mo., 1828. 

Though imbecile must prove my effort to delineate 
the varied feelings associated with the picturesque 
scenery now before me, yet in order to preserve a faint 
semblance, I have entrusted to my pen the pleasing 
task of tracing a week spent upon the native soil of her, 
whose maternal eye watched with unwavering solici- 
tude my walk through early life, and whose memory is 
still cherished with all the strength of affection which 
marked that period, when her approving smile shed 
light upon my path, when Hope bore me on her pin- 
ions to the same exalted summit of moral, intellectual, 
and religious excellence, whereon she stood. 

The ancient mansion where the day first dawned 
upon her being, is situated on one of the most elevated 
points in the surrounding neighbourhood, commanding 
an extensive view of country, beautifully diversified 
with hill and dale, wood and lawn, throughout which 
many a streamlet winds its way. Here, in this lovely 
spot of creation, calculated to inspire fancy and elicit 
sentiment, dwelt a band of brothers and sisters, ten of 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON* 75 

whom have resigned to nature the little boon she lent ; 
dust has mingled with dust, and ashes with ashes ; one 
only survives to recount the incidents of the morning 
of their' days. Here, imagination unrestrained has 
wandered over years long since numbered ; their juve- 
nile sports, their active career of life, their " sober au- 
tumn fading into age," and their "pale concluding win- 
ter," haVe all passed in review before me, and given to 
my thoughts a pensive sadness that I would not ex- 
change for the gayest hour of thoughtless mirth my 
spirit ever .knew. 

In a morning's ramble with my uncle and an interest- 
ing cousin, I called to see the nearly desolated habita- 
tion of an aunt, once the loved and favourite sister of 
my endeared mother, and with whom she had spent 
many a pleasant intellectual hour. On her nuptial 
hour with one of the best of men, the sun of prosperity 
shone with peculiar brightness, but arrested ere the 
meridian of his day, by that potent arm which has con- 
signed to the " clod of the valley" successive genera- 
tions since the world began, she was left a young and 
an unskilful pilot on the waves of Time. Trained up 
in the lap of ease, and measuring the ingenuousness of 
others by her own guileless motives, she knew not the 
wiles of the world ; but she was soon taught, in the 
school of experience, to feel her hold upon its favours 
was unstable — her confidence in its promises baseless. 
It was then a time to test a sister's affection ; it was 
then that she, who was afterwards my revered mother, 



76 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

cheerfully resigned the comforts of her paternal abode* 
to share her cares and to solace her widowhood. 

Here, as I surveyed the effect of Time's dilapidating 
hand upon the several departments through which I 
wandered, nry mind was drawn into reflections replete 
with instruction ; life, in its pristine colours, arose be- 
fore me, and whilst I turned aside to pay the tribute of 
a tear to its faded and its fading glories, my thoughts 
soared beyond its narrow bounds, and triumphed in 
the consciousness that 

" When, suns have waned, and worlds sublime 
Their final revolutions told, 
This soul shall triumph over Time, 

As though such orbs had never roll'd." 

But, quickly blending with the exalted theme a hu* 
initiating view of my own internal domain, I saw my 
liability to diverge from that centre toward which divine 
love had again and again drawn my heart ; I felt that 
idols had shared the homage due only to the true and 
living God, and secretly did I aspire for renewed sta- 
bility of mind to direct all my affections aright, to place 
my all of hope in Heaven, to draw my all of joy from 
its unadulterated stream. 

We then pursued our walk to see a cousin, the 
daughter of the aunt alluded to, where we spent the re- 
mainder of the day. The cheerful sprightliness that 
prevailed in this unostentatious dwelling, where dark 
boding sorrow once had its reign, for she was a widow, 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 77 

and the mother of a numerous flock, soon dissipated 
the sombre hue my spirits had previously imbibed, 
and in rational converse " unheeded flew the hours." 
About dusk, seated on an old plough horse, which my 
uncle had directed to be sent for me, and attended by 
his son on foot, I had a ride which Napoleon, mount- 
ed on his charger, and scaling the Alps, might have 
envied. " The yellow moon, hanging on high," shone 
in all its brilliancy ; the shrill notes of the little choris- 
ters of the night were heard in lively cadence ; a mur- 
muring stream, gently gliding on, lent its music to the 
ear, and lighted windows, seen in the distance, all 
combined to throw a magic charm over my mind, which, 
blending with its morning seriousness, caused a mood 
just suited to contemplate such a scene with delightful 
emotions. My thoughts aspiring to the Sovereign 
Architect, and Lord of all, felt and acknowledged his 
might, his majesty, his goodness, and his love, whilst 
they encircled, as emanations of his benignity, those 
friendships which from time to time had arisen, like 
verdant spots on life's desert waste, and tendered to my 
heart a sweet respite from darker hours. 

A welcome reception awaited my return, and a plea- 
sant evening succeeded, but the excited feelings which 
I had cherished through the day banished sleep beyond 
the midnight hour. The next morning I bade adieu, 
perhaps for ever, to this endeared spot of creation, 
where oft, when night and silence held their reign, I 
had communed with the grave, and measured out the 



78 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

little span, that at its utmost bound must soon be jour- 
neyed over, and this fragile frame reach its last, its quiet 
resting place, and "the immortal spirit, emancipated 
from earth, read its final doom." 



To Richard Hopkins, South River, 

Deer Creek, Jan. 25th, 1774. 
Dear Cousin, 

To be silent, when I have an opportunity of convey- 
ing my thoughts to thee, would tacitly imply an indif- 
ference nowise agreeable to the present feelings of my 
heart, for be assured, my cousin, a longer acquaintance 
has produced a nearer union, not only with thyself, but 
with thy nearest friend, and the family to which thou 
hast lately been allied. I often look back with pleasure 
upon the moments I have spent with you, and dare I in- 
dulge a wish for any thing not placed within my power, 
it would be frequently to chat away some of my winter 
evenings with you; but I have no doubt your enjoy- 
ment is full, without such an addition to your social 
entertainments. I, too, have my home delights, with 
my friends present, but my absent ones share largely 
in my thoughts and my esteem. 

Deer Creek affords no new thing worth communicat- 
ing, excepting that matrimony is flourishing among us, 
and old and young are running their heads into the 
noose, which I suppose thou wilt approve. I hope 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 79 

thou wilt have every cause still to commend the tie, and 
that you may long enjoy all the happiness that marriage 
in its most exalted state can bestow ; and may you 
never cease to remember with gratitude the good hand 
whence every blessing flows, nor be content with only 
gaining an easy and prosperous voyage through Time, 
but provide, as you glide onward, for a safe landing 
upon the eternal sfmre, where shortly we must all 
arrive. 

I shall be very glad to hear from you ; do not miss 
giving me that satisfaction by the first opportunity. I 
desire to be affectionately remembered to thy father-in- 
law, Samuel Snowden, and wife, and in a very especial 
manner to thy Nancy. I remain, dear cousin, thy 
friend, and affectionate 

Susan. 



To Susan Hopkins. 

March 13th, 1774. 

I would as soon believe a priest, nay, one of your 
own clergymen, who changes his mind once in every 
twenty-four hours ; I would take even his word before 
yours : and, what is worse, I will never believe you 
again. And mayst thou be the wife of some flattering 
priest, whose resolution has not the strength of a cob- 
web, whose habitation is in the barrens, live on corn 
bread and herring, or die that despicable creature, ■ 



80 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

Yet, yet, my Susan, do not be angry, thou hast not of- 
fended me, my dear girl, and though I am vexed at 
the very heart, it is not at you. 

Farewell, and believe that I love you as much as 
ever. J. C. 



From S. H. to J. C. 

Deer Creek, 1774. 

Dear me ! what have I done, or what has any body 
done to thee, that thou shouldst curse me so ? Why, as 
uncle Toby* says, " I would not curse the dog so." 
What ! marry a priest, reside in the barrens, live on 
corn bread and herrings, or die that despicable crea- 
ture, O, my patience ! what 's the matter ?" Thou 

art not angry with me ; "I never offended thee ;" but 
thou art vexed at the very heart about something. Well, 
what shall I say ? I have a feeling heart, and would wil- 
lingly yield thee all the comfort and consolation within 
my power ; but shall first presume that some ill wind 
from the West has chagrined thee ; by the West, I do 
not mean the place where the sun sets, nor either of the 
two-and-thirty points in the compass. What then? 
Inasmuch as thou knowest, it is not worth while to use 
any metaphors, allegories, parables, or paradoxes, about 
it, we will suppose it to mean " a priest," or " one of 
your own clergymen, that changes his mind once in 

* Tristrum Shandy, 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 81 

every twenty -four hours." I will not say he is an unwor- 
thy subject of thy disgust, lest I offend thee, and shall 
leave thee to make thy own estimate of his merit ; but 
were it left to me to weigh it, I believe I should make use 
of the apothecaries' scale and weights. But that is not 
the matter — we will suppose, for instance, that he, or 
some other thing, has heartily vexed thee. Now, what 
I am at, is to restore thy quiet and peace of mind. Phi- 
losophers and wise men have given us divers maxims 
and advices to prevent or cure such things ; but the mis- 
fortune is, when Ave come to be tried, they are so very 
hard to be put into practice. 

I knew a religious young man, who fell desperately 
in love with a young woman, (as I thought,) no way 
worthy of his attachment. After giving him encourage- 
ment, she conceived hopes of another that she prefer- 
red, and treated him with disdain. This was a heavy 
stroke upon him, which to alleviate, he applied himself 
more closely to reading religious books, Epictetus, 
Seneca, and I know not whom of the ancient philoso- 
phers ; but it was an over match for all the religion and 
philosophy he was able to attain, and he seemed about 
to sink into a profound melancholy. He, in confidence, 
let me into the whole affair, and expressed his utter in- 
ability to quiet the commotion of his mind, by any 
means he had hitherto used. As he was a relation I 
dearly loved, and in wlrose welfare 1 was deeply inter- 
ested, I became solicitous to find some remedy, and hit 

upon one, which, I believe, was very helpful ; but I 
8* 



82 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

fear to tell it thee, lest it encourage the indulgence of 
chimera or castle building, which the mind, familiar 
with tales of fiction, is prone to create ; but I ventured 
to recommend to him what Sterne has thus expressed : 
" Sweet pliability of man's spirit ! that can at once 
surrender itself to illusions which cheat expectation and 
sorrow of their weary moments ; when (says our au- 
thor) my way is too rough for my feet, or too steep for 
my strength, I get off it to some smooth velvet path, 
which fancy has scattered over with rose buds of de- 
light ; and having taken a few turns in it, I come back 
strengthened and refreshed." The event was, that he 
recovered his tranquillity of mind, and it was not long 
before he met with an object more deserving, who, sen- 
sible of his merit, repaid his affection and esteem as it 
deserved. 

I could mention several such instances, which may 
serve to show, that could we anticipate a few years, 
and look back upon present circumstances and occur- 
rences, we should find that which we deemed our 
greatest evil, was the best that could have happened to 
us ; and that which we most desired, the worst that 
could befall. Therefore, seeing we are so shortsighted 
it behoves us, as much as possible, to meet all events 
with an equal mind, nor ever complain of the trials that 
cross our way, for they are incident to human life, the 
inheritance of the children of the dust. That it is bet- 
ter to get over them by any means not really prejudi- 
cial, than to indulge in the remembrance of them to our 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 83 

hurt ; and, though I admit ideal pleasure is innocent 
and allowable upon some occasions, in order to elude 
the force of hurtful commotions and disquietude of 
mind, yet, beyond all dispute, Truth is the only sure 
basis of all permanent happiness ; and the more we 
habituate the mind to the contemplation thereof, and to 
the practice of its dictates in, the less need we shall 
stand of illusive enjoyments to qualify the bitter draughts 
which more or less are administered to all, as they pass 
through the transitory vale of human life. If we can 
but order the point of the compass between murmuring 
and improper elevation, so as to hit a state of resigned 
cheerful thankfulness, there is no doubt but the drama 
will end well at last. 

With unfeigned love, I remain thy friend, 

Susan. 



Deer Creek. 
My Dear Girl, 

My last gave thee an account of the wedding, but as 
the messenger was then waiting, I had to leave part of 
my story untold, so I shall resume it just where I left 
off. 

When the wedding feast was over, which lasted two 
days, and the company was repairing home, the agree- 
able family, with the bride and groom joined in impor- 
tuning me to stay a few days longer. I pleaded that I 



84 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

should have no company, as it did not suit my brother 
to stay, the old gentleman engaged that I should not 
want an escort, for if nobody else will, my son, said he, 
shall see you safely home. I looked at his son to see if 
I could translate his countenance into a concurrence with 
his father's proposal ; he also looked at me with a kind 
of benignity which, as I felt rather disposed to comply 
with their request, served just then to satisfy me. This 
son is a young widower, having buried his wife about 
eighteen months since. I was told, that for a time his 
grief was very great, but since, it has appeared to sub- 
side, his behaviour is grave and sedate, seldom mixing 
in young company, and he is very reserved toward our 
sex. Though whilst I was there, we several times 
entered into conversation, in which his politeness and 
good sense appeared, but at the same time there was a 
gravity in his manner that produced something of an awe 
and timidity in me lest I should seem to make too free. 
After spending three days longer very agreeably, the 
time drew near when I must return home, and no other 
company as yet appearing, I confess, I never, upon a 
like occasion, felt under such an embarrassment. Wil- 
lingly would I have foregone all the pleasure I had de- 
rived in staying. This said widower had not offered 
to wait on me home, nor seconded his father's propo- 
sal in words, though I had heard him giving directions 
to some of the domestics what to do in his absence, 
which implied that he intended to go, yet I reasoned 
thus — perhaps politeness and respect for his father may 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 85 

induce him to submit, but it may hurt his more tender 
and delicate feelings, and he may wish me further than 
be thus situated. If he had offered I should have felt 
no scruple about it, and to excuse him without assign- 
ing a cause, might be misconstrued. This point was 
too delicate even to be hinted at ; what then was I to 
do ? As I was pondering over the dilemma I was in, 
whom should I see riding up, but my old friend and 
former preceptor Joseph Wilson ; he inquired when I 
intended to return home, and what company I expected ; 
offered to escort me himself if I would wait till he ac- 
complished some business he had to attend to a few 
miles further on. But, said he, perhaps you have com- 
pany you like better. I told him I had none without 
giving my friends trouble, and I would accept his proffer- 
ed kindness. Edwin then ventured to say, that he did 
not think it a trouble ; however, I chose to wait for Jo- 
seph. In the mean time, the bride and groom, with 
their retinue, took their departure forOlney, and most of 
the family escorted them part of the way, so that I 
was left with the junior part of the household and Ed- 
win. I suppose he had seen my embarrassment and 
perhaps suspected the cause. Being left in some- 
thing of a lonely situation, he seemed more particularly 
disirous to contribute to my amusement. As he was 
a reader and a virtuoso in collecting manuscripts both 
in prose and poetry, he brought me a large bundle, and 
laying it on the table, desired me to amuse myself with 
the contents till his return, as he was under the neces- 



86 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

sity of riding a few miles, but thought he would be back 
in about an hour. 

After his departure I opened the bundle and found 
several smaller parcels tied up by themselves. Among 
them, was one more carefully folded up and tied with 
a piece of black riband. This, I first opened, which 
contained several pieces of poetry which I supposed 
were written by himself in his earlier days, and one 
addressed to him by his wife, written not long before 
her death, wherein she informed him of a presentiment 
she had of her approaching dissolution ; her submission 
to the Divine will ; mentioned the near unity that had 
subsisted between them, and in moving terms request- 
ed his tender care toward their dear little Lydia. 

I almost repented my curiosity in reading it, for be- 
ing considerably affected, I could not refrain from tears, 
and unwilling to be seen by any of the family, I put 
them carefully up, walked out alone, sat down in the 
shade, and indulged reflections intermingled with tears, 
which, according to Yorick on Sensibility, were a 
convincing proof that I had a soul as well as he, and 
after washing my face in a little stream, and wiping it 
with my pocket handkerchief, I went in and found him 
punctual to the hour he was to be absent. Joseph soon 
after came, and we set ofT homeward; Edwin escorting 
us several miles. Conduct so becoming his situation, 
with the amiable qualities which he discovered gained 
my esteem — quite disinterestedly I assure thee, for I 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 87 

have not the most distant view of standing in any other 
relation to him than as a friend. 

Though I hold Cupid in some sort of respect, yet I 
choose to distance his mark till I see my own advan- 
tage, and wish not to become myself, nor have others 
the sport of his vagaries. 

I am, as ever, thy attached Susan. 



To , Philadelphia. 

Deer Creek, 1776. 
My Dear Cousin, 

We arrived safely at home on the day after leaving 
Philadelphia, and found the whole system of our con- 
cerns in as good plight as we left them, which was a 
matter of satisfaction and thankfulness. My sister for 
awhile seemed to enjoy the favour, but beginning to 
reflect how uneasy she had been without a cause, and 
that the opportunity of enjoying the society of her 
friends in Philadelphia was past and probably might 
never occur again, she was not a little displeased with 
herself, but I endeavoured to reconcile her by remind- 
ing her that what was past could not be recalled, and 
that the happiness most worthy of her pursuit was still 
within her power, and no way dependant on outward 
place or circumstance. I am thankful that from a gift 
of nature I am as little liable to vain and fruitless anxi- 



88 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

ety as most people, and sometimes I think I can sub- 
scribe to those lines of Dr. Young, 

" What e'er the colour of my fate, my fate shall be my choice, 
For I determine whilst I breath, to praise and to rejoice." 

Yet no doubt there are troubles and misfortunes in life 
which might greatly stagger my philosophy and cause 
my feeble bark to recede from its wonted course of re- 
signed thankfulness ; but Hope is an anchor that will 
sustain through all evils incident to human existence, 
provided Religion take the helm and we be vigilant in 
well-doing. 



Deer Creek, 1776. 
My Dear Cousin C. M. 

My sister's great anxiety about home was causeless ; 
for when we arrived there, we found all well, which 
occasioned her to reflect upon herself, for suffering her 
mind to become so disturbed. I hope experience will 
teach her more wisdom ; however, I am disposed to 
believe that we are sometimes impressed with a pro- 
phetic sense of what Providence is about to bring to 
pass, but did we rightly conceive of his unceasing 
goodness, we should readily allow it to be a weakness, 
if not a crime, to encourage any great degree of anxiety. 

I am, indeed, yet less at home than I think consis- 
tent with my truest interest; the mind, which may 
properly be termed one's-self, being often absent ; but 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 89 

I hope a little more time and recollection will bring me 
back to my usual enjoyment of those quiet scenes, and 
enable me to fix a more steady attention toward the 
attainment of the one thing needful, which maketh 
rich, and addeth no sorrow with it ; every other pur- 
suit is liable to vexation and disappointment, but in 
this, no casualty can frustrate our best endeavours. 

It was thy desire that I should write to thee ; but 
what consideration can I propose to a mind far more 
capacious than my own ? The subject of my medita- 
tions would be nothing new to thee. Couldst thou find 
entertainment in a descriptive view of the lofty trees, 
verdant fields, and the murmuring streams, which oft 
have afforded me agreeable amusement for a pensive 
hour? The autumnal season begins to display a more 
solemn scene. Nature, on the decay, though attended 
with pleasing variety, cannot, I think, fail to excite 
serious impressions upon every attentive mind. 

The similarity that appears between the external 
creation, and the changes and different stages of this 
our pilgrimage state, seems as if the All-wise Disposer 
of all things intended thereby, continually to remind us 
of what we are, and what we soon shall be. 

May a due improvement of every visible, as well as 
internal manifestation of Divine power, wisdom, and 
goodness, prepare us for the winter, and closing period 
of our day. 

The bearer of this, just calling, who is a near neigh- 
9 



90 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON* 

bour, going to hazard the chance of war, bids me con* 
elude. 

How different, my friend, are those hostile scenes 
from the peaceable state prophecied by Isaiah, when 
" swords shall be beaten into ploughshares, and spears 
into pruning-hooks, when nation shall not rise against 
nation, neither shall they learn war any more." Does 
not it seem strange that the reverse of this, should be 
consistent with the permission of the Most High, 
whose kingdom consisteth in righteousness, peace, and 
joy, and who, according to an ancient testimony, 
" rules in the kingdoms of men, and gives them to 
whomsoever he will ?" But we must not, in this dark 
state of things, pretend to scan the doings of Provi- 
dence. I doubt not, when the grand arcanum of his 
economy in human affairs shall be unfolded to our 
view, that, with pleasing wonder, we shall trace all his 
dispensations toward his creature man, through paths 
of unerring wisdom and boundless love, and acknow- 
ledge, with humble gratitude, that he is just and equal 
in all his ways. 



To CM., Philadelphia. 

Deer Creek, 1776. 
My Dear Cousin, 

A melancholy kind of satisfaction attended the peru- 
sal of thy kind letter, which contained the particular 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 91 

information I had been anxious to gain, whilst it re- 
vived my sorrow for the death of my dear friend. 

I have truly borne a sympathising part with you all, 
but more especially with her endeared partner, 

" When such friends part, 'tis the survivor dies." 

But I hope the same divine philosophy that armed his 
soul with fortitude at the trying scene of her departure, 
will still support and enable him to rise superior to his 
own loss, whilst with the eye of faith he beholds a 
beatified spirit entered into endless joy and felicity. 

What a lesson, my dear friend, is death to surviving 
mortals ? But is it not too often the case, that, when 
we have paid the rites of decent sorrow to the memory 
of a departed friend, and indulged a few serious reflec- 
tions on time, death, and eternity, the impression wears 
off, without taking that effect upon our minds which 
such events are calculated to produce? I wish this 
were less my own experience. I well remember, that 
once when I attended a dear brother in his last illness, 
and was witness to the throes and agonies of his soul, 
lest he might not be sufficiently purified, or in a state of 
preparation to appear before the tribunal of a just 
Judge, his groans, and intercessions to the Throne of 
forgiving Mercy, sounded in mine ears long after he 
had gone to make the dread experiment. 

My feelings, at that time, were not to be described, 
and I resolved, with Divine aid, to be constantly pre- 
paring for death, that its awful period might be met 



92 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

without fear. Seeing the shortness of our passage from 
the cradle to the grave, it appeared only worth while to 
contemplate those regions which lie beyond the narrow 
boundaries of Time. But as my sorrow subsided, the 
world, which in many forms insinuates itself into the 
heart, began gradually to steal its affections from the 
one thing needful ; and now I frequently find myself 
under the necessity of retiring within, to supplicate the 
Throne of Grace, that I may be delivered from its temp- 
tations and its snares, lest I be carried away, and at 
last be excluded from the arms of Divine Mercy. 

My brother W. has had a long and painful struggle ; 
his disorder was inflammatory fever, but through 
mercy he is now rising from the bed of affliction, and 
I hope he will be truly thankful, nor be like a people 
formerly, whom the hand of Almighty Power led 
through the Red Sea, and set their feet on the banks of 
deliverance, 

" They sang his praise, but soon forgot his works." 

A few lines from thee, will at any time be gratefully 
received and acknowledged, by thy affectionate cousin, 

Susan. 



To Christopher Marshall. 

Deer Creek, January 30th, 1777. 
My Dear Friend, 

So thoughtless was thy messenger of affection, that 
not till yesterday did it make its appearance. When I 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 93 

examined the date, I could not forbear chiding its 
tardy movements on the way. 

I have no doubt the effect of thy great loss is still 
manifest. Death makes sad inroads upon our finite 
enjoyments, but if under these, and all other trials, we 
can be truly resigned, I am convinced that the painful 
feelings of human nature in the hands of Infinite Wis- 
dom and goodness, are made subservient to our truest 
interest. May this be the conclusion of all the trials 
and vicissitudes that may attend thee through thy pil- 
grimage state. 

Since thy letter was written, I understand that you 
have been expelled from the city by well grounded 
fears of the enemy. It appears to be a time when the 
judgments of the Lord are in the earth. I hope the 
inhabitants thereof will learn righteousness. This is 
the important year, when, according to Clerke, the 
Millennium is to commence. The prospect, at present, 
is very different. 

Let the voice of liberty stun the nation with feats of 
valour ; but what is the glory of her prowess, when 
compared with the victory which a silent, humble, per- 
severing diligence over the empire of our hearts ob- 
tains for us, whereby our spiritual enemies are put to 
flight, and we enabled to stand fast in that true Chris- 
tian liberty, which pertains to the children of God ? 



9* 



94 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 



THE CHRISTIAN'S STRENGTH. 

Resiga'd a Christian meets the ills of Time, 

Nor fears the storms of this inclement clime : 

Tho' thunders roar and terrors round him spread 

" Eternal sunshine settles on his head." 

He fears his God and hath no other fear, 

His mind unclouded and his conscience clear, 

His prospects vast, outshine the noontide beam, 

His Faith no fancy, and his Hope no dream, 

He fears not men of high or low degree, 

No earthly power can bind his liberty ; 

Beyond their ken his treasure lies conceal'd 

He only wishes 't were enough revealed, 

That men might know its worth and prize it too, 

He gladly would expose it to their view. 

If suffering best should answer that design, 

To suffer, freely doth himself resign. 

He to the smiter turns his ready cheek, 

As taught of Him who saith " I'm low and meek." 

No provocation can his spirit move 

To aught contrary to the law of love, 

But prays with Him whom on the cross we view 

" Father forgive, they know not what they do." 

The royal law rejoiceth to fulfil 

And only recompenseth good for ill. 

Thus to the world proclaims, come taste and see 

The love of God, behold how good is he! 

Of bitter things he makes a wholesome sweet, 

And rugged paths he smooths beneath our feet, 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 95 

And tho' the wicked may our hurt intend, 

E'en Angels stand to guard — the good man's friend. 

Remember Joseph whom his Brethren sold 

To the erratic Midianites for gold, 

To bondage they the faultless youth consign'd, 

But Providence had other things design'd; 

Mark the vicissitudes through which he past, 

Which paved his way to dignity at last. 

The Christians strength and confidence, is He 

Who hath set bounds and limits to the sea, 

" Thus far saith He no further shalt thou go," 

Beyond its bound no turgid wave shall flow 

Though swelling high. Firm on a rock he sings, 

Glory and honour to the King of Kings :* 

And though the fig tree strew no blossoms round, 

Nor cheering juices in the vine be found, 

The olive fail, the labour of the field, 

In golden crops shall cease her meat to 3>ield, 

The flocks cut off, the shepherds pen no fold, 

The stalls forsook, where once the herd were told, 

Yet in the God of his salvation, he 

Doth still rejoice in deep humility ; 

His heart responds to the angelic host, 

And praises Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. 

* Habakkuk ili. 17,18. 

Beer Creek— -1777. 



96 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON, 



Beer Creek, 1778. 
Dear Brother Levin, 

I cannot but esteem thee an honest fellow, for the 
candour of thy opinion in the matter I had entrusted to 
thee : such openness is worthy of true friendship. 

When my friend speaks in my commendation, I am 
not sure that his motive is only to please ; but when 
he disapproves I think he is sincere. 

I agree with thee, that Friends have no business to 
run after newspapers, or political publications. I sel- 
dom read either, as they are, generally, receptacles for 
such things as are of little importance to the Christian, 
whose converse is, or ought to be, in heaven. But as 
there is a danger of being led out into the spirit of the 
world, so likewise we ought to be careful that we get 
not too much contracted into the narrow shell of self- 
love, which concerns not what becomes of the rest of 
the human family, so we can think ourselves safe. To 
me, there is something God-like, and divine, in reach- 
ing after the most dissolute and wicked amongst men, 
in order to bring them home to a sense of duty ; but as 
I pretend to no fitness for such an undertaking, I must 
leave it to those more equal to the task, and only in- 
quire a little, how it is with thee. Art thou advancing 
in the path of Christian perfection ? Or, art thou in a 
departure from thy first love, and, like the Church of 
Laodicea, becoming neither hot nor cold? It's true I 
am no priest, therefore confession is not due to me, but 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 97 

let the examination pass through thine own heart; it 
will do the best no harm, often to be looking how their 
accounts stand, lest they insensibly slide and fall away 
from grace and truth. 

I know there is inherent in us a certain wandering 
of the desires, and backwardness to that constant labour 
and advertency which is indispensably needful for our 
perseverance in a religious progress, which, if remitted 
by us, we shall presently have but little else left of re- 
ligion but the mere shell ; hence I believe it is, that we 
have so many nominal Christians, who profess but pos- 
sess not. 

I do not accuse thee, my dear boy ; I only speak to 
thee as I speak to the heart of thy affectionate sister, 

Susan H. 



Deer Creek, 1778. 
My Dear Brother L., 

It has not been for the want of a due share of affec- 
tion that I have conversed so little with thee, in an 
epistolary way, since thy removal from us. Thy omis- 
sion of that golden rule of doing to others as thou 
wouldst be done by, has, perhaps, occasioned me to 
be rather remiss ; but the voice of thy complaints hav- 
ing reached me, I was willing to silence them, by re- 
moving the cause. I cannot, however, promise that 
my lines shall be made acceptable to thee, by a com- 



98 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

munication of good news ; for, indeed, I find such a 
eall to industry at home, in a two-fold sense, that I sel- 
dom look or ask for any other intelligence abroad, than 
to know whether our friends are in the fruition of health : 
this blessing, with the additional ones of domestic peace 
and competency, they pretty generally enjoy. 

I was glad to find by thy letter to mother, that thou 
art pleased with thy present situation, not only because 
I wish thee happiness, but I look upon it to be the in- 
dispensable duty of every Christian to be content, and 
humbly thankful for such a distribution of the good 
things of this life as Providence may see meet to as- 
sign him. A cheerful, resigned contentment, is cer- 
tainly the most acceptable tribute of gratitude that we 
can pay to the Divine Disposer of events, and Author 
of all our mercies ; and, since we learn, both from ob- 
servation and experience, that unmixed felicity is not 
the portion of this life, let us, my dear Levin, endea- 
vour to secure that happiness in the next, by duly im- 
proving the fleeting moments as they pass, observing, 
with a persevering and steady eye, the counsel and in- 
struction of that oracle within, which ever leads its 
true votaries in the way of self-denial and the cross. 

We were lately at the Grove Quarterly Meeting, 
where were several of the most eminent amongst us, 
whose lively and powerful testimonies carried an evi- 
dence of their mission. On first day, at New Garden, 
appeared Jacob Lindley ; and it happening that I fell 
in company with him and his sister, we accepted their 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 99 

invitation to their father's house. I was glad of an op- 
portunity of forming an acquaintance with a person of 
whom I had conceived so exalted an opinion, and found 
no cause of diminution by an improvement thereof. He 
is certainly one of the brightest ornaments of Christia- 
nity ; calculated, both by nature and grace, by the en- 
gaging, cheerful affability of his behaviour, as well as 
by the energy and power of his public testimonies, to 
promote the cause of God and religion. How lovely is 
religion, when it appears in the bloom and vigour of 
life ! when the faculties, shining in their fullest magni- 
tude, are brightened and improved by the noblest of all 
pursuits and attainments ! 

I have often, my dear brother, been uneasy, because 
of thy being situated, where it is to be feared, there 
are too few to whom thou oughtest to give the right 
hand of fellowship, or converse with upon subjects that 
might be to thy edification. 

The way of life and salvation, as our blessed Lord 
declares, is straight and narrow, and if we be not ex- 
ceedingly careful and watchful over ourselves, we shall 
imperceptibly wander from the path ; therefore, let us 
be diligent in well-doing, for "it is the diligent hand 
that maketh rich." 

I am, as ever, thy affectionate sister, S. H. 



100 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

To M. 0. 

Deer Creek, 1778. 

I hope, my dear cousin M., thou hast not attributed 
the slowness of my answer to thine, to any want of 
that true affection peculiar to members of the same body. 
Though I sensibly feel this precious bond, yet so it is 
with me, I am not always at liberty to express my feel- 
ings, either verbally or in literary method, nor can I, 
in some matters that may appear trivial, safely or pro- 
fitably act in mine own will or time ; but ever find it 
meet for me to advert to that sure word of prophecy, 
unto which we all do well to take heed. It is an an- 
cient prophecy, and, I believe, fulfilling in this our day, 
"A Prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you 
of your brethren, like unto me ; him shall ye hear in 
all things :" which, as I apprehend, refers to Christ 
and his Spirit in the hearts of believers ; whose spi- 
ritual voice, if inwardly attended to, is to be heard in 
all things, teaching and directing his followers what is 
for the good of souls and the honour of His great and 
holy name, and what is not. "Without some such mani- 
festation of the Divine mind and will, revealed in us 
from time to time, I have no idea that we can rightly 
speak or act in his cause, however warm our zeal may 
be : and it may be, yea, I know it to be the case, that 
the work of grace may more effectually be carried on 
in the hearts of those whose desires are measurably 
turned heavenward, by entering into true stillness, and 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 101 

waiting upon God in the silence of all flesh, than in a 
multitude of words ; the experienced Christian knows 
there is at times a sublimity of divine feeling, in pro- 
found meditation ; — true prayer and praise ; that lan- 
guage has not energy to describe or express. This the 
unrenewed part of man or superficial Christian, calls 
mysticism or enthusiasm, but which to denominate 
truly, is no other than the pure and spiritual worship of 
a pure and spiritual God, and which unites us to him 
in the bonds of indissoluble love. 

" Come then expressive silence muse his praise." 

Though I count myself a very little one in the flock and 
family of Christ, and of small experience in the myste- 
ries of his Kingdom, yet I find that I have no might 
nor sufficiency of mine own, nothing laid up in store 
for the morrow that I can command in my own will 
and time, but am only so far fed and supported as I rely 
on, and receive of the divine bounty from one moment 
to another. True it is, that they who know an ad- 
vancement in Christian perfection, must also know all 
self-dependence, self-sufficiency, self-complacency, &c, 
brought down, and laid low in the dust of self-annihila- 
tion, and God alone to be all in all both in and for them. 
To thy expectation that my letters will prove spiritu* 
ally useful, I have only to say, that we are likely to be 
helpful to each other in proportion as our minds are 
engaged to inquire where the Shepherd of Israel, the 

Beloved of our souls doth feed his flock* and cause them 
10 



102 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

to rest at noon day ; in which inquiry, if we are enabled 
to discover to each other the footsteps of the flock that 
lead to the Shepherd's tent, the only useful end of a 
communication of sentiments is answered ; for it is the 
Shepherd only that can conduct us to the banqueting- 
house, and fill us with the dainties of his Kingdom. 

I have sometimes been called home from expecting 
or looking outward for help, by these expressions of an 
eminent saint, " O God who art the truth, make me one 
with thee in everlasting love. I am often weary of 
reading, and weary of hearing ; in thee alone is the 
sum of all my desire, let all teachers be silent, let 
the whole creation be dumb before thee, and do thou 
only speak to my soul, lest being outwardly called, 
and not inwardly quickened, I die and become unfruit- 
ful; lest the word heard and not obeyed, known and 
not loved, professed, and not kept, turn to my con- 
demnation." 

I hope by this time, thou hast perfectly recovered 
from the ill consequences of thy journey from Deer 
Creek. 

Please to remember me affectionately to thy uncle 
and aunt, and believe me to be thy affectionate friend 
and cousin, S. Hopkins. 



" The following communication was addressed to a 
number of Friends, at that time confined in Lancaster 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 103 

Jail, on account of their testimony against contributing 
to the support of the war, then existing between Great 
Britain and her colonies in North America." 

To Friends in Lancaster Jail. 

Deer Creek, 1778. 
Esteemed Friends, 

Think not that He who hath appointed unto you your 
measure of sufferings hath forgotten to be gracious, or 
that his providential care toward the sheep of his pas- 
ture, and the flock of his fold is less now than in ages 
past, or that he permits the partial hand of justice to fall 
more heavily upon some than others, but for the wisest 
purposes. 

The Most High, certainly presides over all his works, 
insomuch, that a sparrow does not fall to the ground 
without his notice, and behold, ye are of more value 
than many sparrows ; therefore be encouraged still to 
trust in him who will never leave nor forsake his de- 
pendent children. Endeavour to draw your minds into 
the same state of seclusion from the world's intercourse, 
as are your bodies, so shall those walls, those bolts 
and bars which deprive you of your personal liberty 
and commerce with the world, prove an asylum from 
its snares and temptations, and thereby afford more 
abundant opportunity for the work of inward purifica- 
tion to be carried on, which will gradually lead and 
initiate you into that glorious state of true Christian 
liberty, which pertains to the children of God. 



104 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

I believe the prayers of many are for you, that you 
may be strengthened and established in faith and pa- 
tience, amongst which, be assured, are those of your 
truly sympathizing friend, 

Suasan Hopkins. 



"In personating a beloved brother, who was lan- 
guishing under bodily and mental sufferings, she thus 
writes:" 

For me no hope unfurls her spreading sails, 
No pleasing views invite the wafting gales ; 
No cheerful fancy paints the coming day, 
But leaden moments slowly roll away. 
Youth, health, and joy together, blasted, fled, 
E'en hope itself is numbered with the dead. 
With painful thought and sadness I deplore 
That pristine vigor I enjoy no more. 
Like roses blighted in their early prime, 
Or age that droops beneath the hand of Time ; 
Or like the insects of a summer's day, 
I too, ere long, must surely pass away. 
Low in the tomb forgetful I shall sleep ; 
There shall mine eye no painful vigils keep. 
But oh ! full well I know my early days 
Have not been spent in Wisdom's pleasant ways, 
My golden hours inglorious I have past, 
Nor dream'd their lustre would decline so fast. 
Oh ! that my soul an early vow had made, 
That I this early vow had duly paid, 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 105 

To Him whose smiles can banish care away, 

And on my spirit shed meridian day. 

Sweetly resign'd I now had laid me down, 

Nor chang'd my prospects for a monarch's crown. 



TO AN OFFICER OF DISTINCTION, 1778. 

If he be a statesman or a magistrate, he founds all 
his politics upon justice, and pursues his ends without 
the low, vulgar artifices of a little mind. If he be a 
general of an army, or a soldier, he looks upon him- 
self as the executor of divine justice, by war ; but he 
banishes all private views, false glory, unbridled ambi- 
tion, barbarous cruelties, and unjust exactions, says 
Plato. 

When martial fire inspires thy soul, 

To take the hostile field, 
Let mercy all thy force control, 

When e'er thy foe shall yield. 

Disarm'd, forget that late his aim 

To take thy life did bend ; 
The golden rule, mark well the same, 

And treat him as thy friend. 

Let not thine hand inflict distress, 

Where pity may be shown ; 
Grant injured innocence redress, 

And make her cause thine own. 
10* 



106 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

That charity which thinks no ill, 

Pacific is, and kind, 
Makes heroes greater heroes still, 

And shows a noble mind. 

When thou shalt judge of wrong and right, 

Be calm as summer's eve ; 
Be mild as morn, serene, as light, 

Lest passion should deceive. 

Rather let guilt escape thine hand, 

Nor share the justice due, 
Than wrong be done at thy command, 

On those upright and true. 

Ah! show thy kindness to that stock* 
From whence thyself did spring, 

Nor ravage a defenceless flock 
For what their fleece will bring. 

That monster, persecution, shun, 

Nor give her edicts place, 
Lest by her rules such deeds be done, 

As freedom shall disgrace, 

Or, lest her hideous, gorgon head, 

Into dominion rise, 
And o'er the land destruction spread, 

In liberty's disguise. 

Omniscient good presides o'er all, 

Let man do what he will, 
By him doth kingdoms stand or fall, 

He rules omniscient still. 

* General Green was educated a Quaker. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 107 

Trust thou in Him, he can defend, 

And crush the force of wrong, 
Nor on unrighteousness depend, 

To make your barriers strong. 

Whilst men by virtue do maintain 

Their native dignity, 
No earthly power can forge a chain 

To bind their liberty. 

But when debas'd the minds of men, 

Corrupt in manners too, 
A servile state befits them then, 

Then liberty adieu ! 

Let each repent, and mend his way, 

Be merciful and just, 
And humbly walk from day to day, 

And place in God his trust. 

By other means our punishment 

We may make more condign, 
But can 't deserved ill prevent, 

Though hand in hand we join. 



FRAGMENT. 



We find, by all we learn in doctrine or experience, 
that we are as highly culpable for time, gifts, blessings, 
and opportunities misspent and misapplied, as for deeds 
that wear a darker aspect. 



108 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

Witness the different sentences to those who had 
wisely improved their talents, and the slothful servant 
who had buried that committed to him in the earth. 
The lamentable consignment of the latter was into 
outer darkness, weeping, and gnashing of teeth. 



Extract from a Sketch of a Journey through some 
parts of Pennsylvania, written to a friend. 

We pursued our route by the written directions thou 
gavest us, and without missing our road, arrived at 
Ephrata about five o'clock 'in the afternoon. As thou hast 
been there, I shall not give a description of the place, 
the habits, manners, and customs of the people. The 
inhabitants treated us with great hospitality, and satis- 
fled our curiosity in every particular. We inquired of 
the Sisters whether they would encourage us to come 
and live with them ? They told us we looked too nice 
and delicate to bear the austerities and arduous labour 
they sometimes had to undergo ; but they, being used 
to it, were content. Their minister, P. Miller, pre- 
sented us with a confession of their faith, which is short. 
We spent the last evening we were there with three of 
the Brethren, who, for some religious reasons, had se- 
parated themselves from the rest. With a view to hear 
what answer they would give us, we proposed to them, 
that as we were young people, whose situations in life 
were amidst the allurements and temptations of the 






MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 109 

world, and being desirous to make good our journey- 
heavenward, whether from their own experience they 
could recommend it as the safest way, to come and join 
them in their recluse abode ? They remained some mo- 
ments silent : at length one of them replied, that " he 
should be unwilling to discourage any desire in us, pro- 
ceeding from the right spirit, but a man's enemies were 
those of his own house, his own evil passions and pro- 
pensities, which, until the strong man armed, even the 
power and love of God, had so far obtained possession 
of the habitation of our hearts, as to bind and keep them 
in subjection, we should carry them wherever we went, 
and their fruits would appear in some form or other, in 
every place or circumstance in life ; and he could not 
say that the beams of divine love shone any brighter, 
or the heart was any more susceptible of its influence 
in Ephrata than in any other part of the enlightened 
world ; that even there, we might not be so free from 
temptation as we supposed ;" and gave it as his opinion, 
that we might fill up our several stations, perform our 
duty in our present allotment, and be as much in the fa- 
vour of God, and as near to his Kingdom, as if our 
dwellings were in the seclusions of Ephrata. An an- 
swer so in unison with my own views on the subject, 
was very satisfactory. 

We next went to Litiz, where we were kindly re- 
ceived and conducted through all the apartments. I 
asked some of the Sisters whether they were really 
contented and happy in their sequestration from the 



110 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

busy world ? whether there was no uneasy void within 
at times ? They answered they were happy, and felt 
none * * * * * 

We then proceeded to Lancaster. The Yearly Meet- 
ing held there was in session. The first day we dined 
with a family of note, to whom some of us were re- 
lated. The master of the mansion said grace ; and 
after we were seated, he surveyed the table, then the 
side-board, which were sumptuously spread, and ob- 
served, that he was fearful we should not be able to make 
out our dinner. One of the company queried, " Why 
not ?" He said he saw no plumb pudding served up, 
and he thought this was our plumb pudding feast, 
which he did not know but we were commanded to eat, 
as the Jews the passover. One of the guests, being a 
moralizer, observed, that something useful might be in- 
ferred from the joke : for instance, said he, address- 
ing himself to us, we will suppose that your religion 
is a plumb pudding, and yours, sir, turning to the gen- 
tleman of the house, this loin of veal ; they are both 
very good, and if received into a healthful stomach, they 
will afford gratification and nutriment. So, the religion 
of each, though not exactly the same thing, yet it is 
the food of the soul, and if properly exercised in a right 
disposition of mind, will answer the same great pur- 
pose to each of you. 

We were pleased with his judicious remarks, and 
having nothing in reality to differ about, wit and plea- 
santry crowned the board* 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. Ill 



Philadelphia, 1779. 

Thou art, my friend, not a little mistaken in sup- 
posing the town has made me what I shall never be, 
nor aim I to be, " a fine lady." I am too much ground- 
ed in my country airs and habits, to be so soon meta- 
morphosed ; as to being agreeably entertained and hav- 
ing opportunities to converse with those as wise as my- 
self, I grant thee. But a person may pass here, as well 
as in the country without any uncommon share of un- 
derstanding. A tolerable external appearance, a mode- 
rate degree of wit, a little modest assurance, and some- 
thing of politeness, are sufficient qualifications to gain 
as much kindness and respect, as is needful. But in 
my opinion, Nature has been no more bountiful in be- 
stowing her gifts upon the town, than the country peo- 
ple ; yet in point of education and polish, they have 
rather the advantage. There is also a kind of varnish 
with which some are glazed over, that is neither edu- 
cation nor true polish, but something more superficial ; 
I mean those, to whom the advantages of dress, or for- 
tune, give an air of consequence and dignity, and who 
have attained by frequent intercourse with the world an 
easy affability and assurance, with a smattering of wit, 
and some knowledge in the art and mystery of repar- 
tee: These, with some, pass for knowing sensible 
people ; but, for my part, I have notions of my own 
about persons and things, which, upon some occasions, 



112 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

I find differ from general opinion, of which I shall give 
thee a few instances. 

My kind friends with whom I lodge, were desirous 
of introducing me to an acquaintance with a young, ©r 
unmarried woman, (for she is not very young,) who is 
counted very sensible ; she being also very rich was an- 
other thing in her favour. It was not long before an 
opportunity offered. We were invited to dine at the 
same place on a public occasion. When she came in, 
I observed great respect was shown her by the com- 
pany. My first remark upon her was, that she looked 
very consequential, and took every thing that was 
spoken as addressed to herself; of course she had more 
to say than any of us. 

When we sat down to dinner, she took the right 
hand of the mistress of ceremonies, who politely asked 
to what she would be helped. She made her remarks 
upon several dishes, but at length fixed upon one, as 
she said, the most favourable to the mental faculties. 
The sauces, most of them, had some quality not salu- 
brious to the stomach. The catsup excited thirst by 
being too powerfully impregnated with saline proper- 
ties ; the vinegar, acid to excess ; the mustard, tyran- 
nical ; the wine and beer too potent, and the cider cor- 
rosive. For my part, I could hardly forbear smiling, as 
I thought our kind entertainer might conclude she was 
finding fault with all the victuals and drink upon the 
table. After we retired from dinner, I attended closely 
to her conversation, to find if there were any thing in it 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 113 

that might justify the report I had heard of her under- 
standing ; but, really, I could not discover that her 
ideas were anywise elevated above the common level. 
The only difference I could perceive between her and 
the generality, was, that she was better versed in dic- 
tion, and however trivial the subject, she did not fail to 
dress it up in fine language, and I thought sometimes 
made an elbow in her discourse for the sake of taking 
in a hard word. 

I fear thou wilt think me too censorious, but I would 
not upon any account say so much to any other person 
who knew of whom' I was speaking. My view in 
sending thee a few disagreeable pictures of nature de- 
formed, is to show thee how widely they differ from 
the native innocence and simplicity of which my dear 
C. is a lovely sample. 

The next person that I became acquainted with, who, 
in my estimation, fell short of common opinion, was a 
young widow, that is accounted not only sensible, but 
very religious. Upon a short acquaintance, it was evi- 
dent that she possessed a good share of understand- 
ing, which was improved by reading, and an inter- 
course with the better sort of company ; but self, which 
seems to be interwoven, in some shape or other, into 
the very essence of our being, I could plainly perceive 
was the idol of her affections ; and, in almost every 
thing she discoursed upon, it could be seen, that un- 
derneath there was a spirit of self-exaltation very op- 
posite to that true humility which is a distinguishing 



114 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

mark of real religion. Hence I could discover that, in 
both these points of religion and understanding, there 
is a tinsel, which at first sight, or a superficial view, 
dazzles a little, but, on a nearer scrutiny, has little 
reality in it. 

Now, however short I may fall of the standard of a 
religious person, I firmly believe that there are none 
truly so, nor yet in the way of becoming such, who 
are not following the only way prescribed by Christ as 
a rule for every disciple of His to go by, without re- 
gard to name, or religious distinction : that is, "to deny 
ourselves, take up His cross daily, and follow Him" — 
which is a spirit very different from that seen in many 
high professors of different religious societies. 

My criterion of a good understanding is, when a per- 
son can (as is said of the good Scribe) bring forth out of 
the treasury of his own heart, things new and old, and 
vary his subjects as occasion may require, or be silent 
if silence be most fit and requisite ; and if he can con- 
vey his ideas with ease and elegance, it is a pleasing 
embellishment, but if not, if he can in any way blunder 
out his just sentiments so as to make them understood, 
it is nevertheless a proof of a good understanding, and 
the worst that can be said of it is, that it wants the-cul- 
ture of a more liberal education, which all are not so 
circumstanced as to have bestowed upon them, yet that 
deficiency does not set aside or alter the natural gifts of 
heaven. 

Setting aside that stiffness which country people 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 115 

sometimes discover upon entering into company they 
may esteem their betters, and which some mistake for 
want of sense, (which is only the want of polish) al- 
lowing for the advantages that the city has over them 
in this respect, I really do not think there is any dif- 
ference as to genuine good sense between town and 
country people. And indeed from some observations. I 
have made upon the manners and customs of some of 
my young acquaintances, I have thought that their time 
and attention was spent too much in trifling and dissi- 
pation, to admit any real improvement in those things 
which would tend to their greatest advantage : and 
though I am much pleased with the variety and kind 
entertainment I meet with, yet my choice for a resi- 
dence for life, would be amidst purling brooks and 
rural scenes. 



OBSERVATIONS RESPECTING S. M. 

" Nothing has come into my hands relative to her 
marriage and removal from the land of her nativity, 
which took place in 1779, and but few records have 
been found of several succeeding years : yet I have ne- 
ver supposed that her energetic mind, bound down to 
a round of household occupations, found no appropri- 
ate seasons to unbend itself in her favourite pursuit 
after literary enjoyments, or that her pen was suffered 
to lie dormant whilst friendship was pleading for its 



116 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

offerings and claiming as its meed a detail of events 
since changing the halcyon scenes of early days, for 
the responsible station mutually devolving upon those, 
leagued by the sacred tie, to promote each others' hap- 
piness in the varied relations of this probationary state. 
" The subjoined letter is the first in date that I have 
found written by her after her marriage. It evinces the 
same vein of severity that was more freely indulged in 
" gone by days" upon the follies of those whose ta- 
lents were designed by the beneficent Bestower thereof, 
to take a wider and a deeper range through the channel 
of Time, than was manifested by the communication to 
which this was a reply. As she premised, the object 
of her solicitude here alluded to, having slackened his 
hold upon the dignity of his station as a rational and 
immortal being whose end is to glorify God by employ- 
ing the faculties he has given him in deeds of useful- 
ness suited to his day and generation, and in rendering 
unto him the praise for every ability to advance the 
cause of truth and righteousness upon the earth, de- 
clined from all the ennobling powers of his mind in 
proportion as he embraced the fashionable foibles that 
invited his acceptance, till finally he sank into the aw- 
ful vortex of sin and iniquity, and closed his wretched 
existence devoid of that cheering hope which illumi- 
nates the Christian's pathway through the ' valley and 
shadow of death,' and spreads before him in bright- 
ness and in beauty, the morning of his resurrection into 
life eternal." 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 117 

Kennet, 1780. 

The Doctor's (what shall I call it) billet, (this will 
do to distinguish it) without a date, I received last 2nd 
month. As it expressed the continuance and reality of 
thy friendship, it was, on that account acceptable, for 
however vague and random thy expressions in other re- 
spects, in that 1 willingly believe thee, to be literal and 
sincere. But I must confess, that if I had not known 
the handwriting, 1 should be ready to question who 
wrote it, never having received any thing like it from 
thee before ; I have been endeavouring to account for it in 
the most favourable manner that it will admit. I remember 
that it was said of John Milton, that his fancy and genius 
were different at different seasons, which occasioned 
great inequality in his literary compositions, also that 
the moon has an influence upon the intellects of some 
people. Perhaps it was near the change or full when 
thou ivrofe it. It is also said of Arion, the musician, 
that he had a certain coat that he used to wear when he 
strove for mastery in his art ; — now perhaps thy new 
situation has occasioned thee to get a dress that has a 
less friendly effect upon thy understanding, than thy 
old one. However, upon examining thy letter, I find 
that thy design was to dress it up in some new or 
modish fashion, which thou callest the " Shandean style, 
such as the ladies were thou art, are fond of;" I cannot 
answer for their taste, but I have seen imitators of that 

style before, whose performances had no other tincture 
11* 



118 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

of Shandy in them, than a few indelicate strokes, which 
are certainly the most exceptionable parts of his works. 
Now my advice, if I may presume to offer it, is, that 
thou hadst better keep to thy natural good sense, pro- 
priety of sentiment, and elegance of diction, than aim at 
that in which thou art by no means calculated to excel. 
Thy acknowledged conformity thus far to fashion, 
induces me to credit a report which has gained here, 
that thou hast entered pupil to a dancing master : nay, 
a person of some veracity, says he was travelling not 
far from town, when he observed a tall man riding before 
him, who alighted from his horse, turned a little out of 
the road, and began to dance and cut many capers, he 
supposed him to be deranged ; therefore made up to him, 
and accosting him with the greatest freedom, queried 
what he was about ? The man told him his pathos 
was stimulated upon meditating the beauty and elegance 
of a certain gavot which he had been learning, and 
which just then coming pat into his mind, he was afraid 
he should lose the impression, if he did not immediately 
fix it by stepping it. Now do send me word whether 
thou wert the person or not. I must allow that to the 
simple and insignificant, who, if they were not about 
that, would be doing nothing of more consequence, dan- 
cing, abstractly considered, may to them be as innocent 
as saying their prayers ; but when viewed with several 
other circumstances which generally are connected with 
the practice, it does not appear so harmless. But to see 
a man of the age of twenty-seven, or upwards, grown 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 119 

to be (like Saul) head and shoulders taller than the 
generality, with an understanding proportioned to his 
stature, doing his honours among a number of half grown 
boys and girls, while the master is teaching one, two, 
three, and a scrape, and demurely setting one of his feet 
sideways, and the other parallel in order for the next 
manoeuvre, how grotesque ! Figure to thyself, thy old 
acquaintances with whom thou hast often smoked reli- 
gion, philosophy and politics by our country fire-side, 
viewing thy movements, and let me know in thy next 
what thy feelings would be. 

Forgive me, my friend, if I have indulged too much 
severity ; I think thou art sensible that a more sincere 
friendship seldom, if ever existed in the bosom of a 
female toward one of your sex, than in mine towards 
thee ; and I would not run the risk of gaining thy dis- 
pleasure as I have hereby done, were it not designed 
for thy benefit. To me, it is a very serious matter to 
see a friend I esteem, whose situation in life exposes 
him to various temptations to vanity and folly, so readily 
close in therewith. My heart forebodes that the next 
step will be to fashionable vices, and when a person 
begins to slide down the hill of immorality, it is hard to 
say how fast and how far he may go. Farewell, and 
rest assured that none more sincerely desires thy pre- 
servation from evil, and thy advancement in that which 
is good, than thy friend, Susan Mason. 



120 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

Kennet. 
My Esteemed Friend, 

Thy last agreeable lines, received the 9th instant, 
were very acceptable and satisfactory, especially that 
part which informed, that from an impulse of duty, 
thou hadst come to a conclusion to superintend a school. 
I have no doubt, qualified as thou art, it will prove a 
blessing to those children who may be so favoured as 
to come under thy tuition. The education of youth, I 
have often thought, a matter of sufficient weight and 
importance, to receive a supernatural intimation or re- 
velation ; and if individuals kept their places in the or- 
der of truth, and obeyed the pointings thereof in their 
own minds, I believe there would not be such a scar- 
city of suitable teachers. I have ever conceived it to 
be a highly important trust, and the conscientious and 
upright discharge of duty therein, as honourable and 
dignifying as that of preaching the Gospel. So that, 
upon a proper acquittal of thy charge in this matter, I 
shall think the second seat in the ministers' gallery, 
might be more unfitly occupied than by thee. 

There is one branch of useful literature, in which 
schools, generally, are deficient; I allude to composi- 
tion. How many of both sexes do we find, of good 
natural abilities, and upon whose education much has 
been bestowed, mere dunces in composition, unable to 
trace their ideas upon paper, either with ease or ele- 
gance ; and their failure may be attributed to the want 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 121 

of proper culture, more than to any defect of under- 
standing. 

A youth, who was lately introduced to my acquain- 
tance, as a person of understanding and eruditon, put a 
performance of his into my hands, which I apprehend 
he thought well done; it was a letter addressed to 
his tutor, and is an instance, among many, of the loss 
sustained for want of proper instruction. I really thought 
it a curiosity ; it commenced thus : 

"If the contents of this exordium be presumption, I 
hope you will not exclude me from your beatifying re- 
gard, for my puerility and temerity." It was a sample 
of bombastic phraseology throughout, and I lamented 
that his style had not received the needful attention from 
those to whose training he had been committed. 



1 Extract from a letter to a desponding friend. 

Thy knowledge and understanding far exceed mine. 
Thy extensive erudition has made thee acquainted with 
the languages of different nations. Travelling has 
gained thee a knowledge of their religion, manners, and 
customs. The sciences afford an ample field of study 
and speculation for the exercise of thy capacious mind. 
The many conspicuous virtues that aggrandize thy soul, 
render thee the object of just admiration and esteem. 
These endowments, with the advantages of wealth, we 
might suppose, would place thee among the happiest 



122 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

of men. But thou art depressed and gloomy in spirits ; 
proceeding, perhaps, from mere imaginings, more than 
from any real cause of inquietude. However, if such 
as thou, so favoured, so blessed, can be so chagrined, 
so disquieted and low spirited, we may justly conclude 
that the world, and all its stupendous gifts, cannot con- 
fer happiness upon a rational, reflecting mind, such as 
I believe thine to be. Though I really esteem thee 
much, and desire thy happiness nearly as I do my 
own, yet I cannot divest myself of pleasing impressions, 
nay, I truly enjoy thy disgust of " all thou hast, and all 
thou art," and am thankful for thy self-abnegation, be- 
lieving it is an evidence of Divine love to thy soul, 
whereby he is about to bring thee acquainted with his 
law, and induce thy willingness to accept everlasting 
instead of perishable good. I am very desirous that 
thou shouldst not weary thyself with unprofitable 
thoughts and conjectures upon things that may never 
happen. If it be consistent with Best Wisdom, to take 
from thee thy good name, (which possibly may be thy 
idol,) I doubt not he will support thee under it, and 
endue thee with strength to bear every loss, becoming 
a wise man and a Christian. It is not now thy business, 
anxiously to be inquiring how thou wouldst behave 
under such and such circumstances. The best thou 
canst do, is to endeavour to act consistently with thy 
present situation, leaving the future to Him who has 
set limits to the sea, and who prescribes to the boister- 
ous waves of affliction their bounds ; " hitherto and 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 123 

no further shalt thou go." Then be not disheartened, 
but strive to acquire those dispositions whereby the 
mind is brought to acquiesce in all the dispensations of 
unerring Wisdom, He has in mercy tarnished all thy 
pleasant pictures of seeming good, for the purpose of 
substituting in thy affections those that are eternal. 
Then seek ability to bless his power and to magnify 
his love in this, that he has drawn thee into a wilder- 
ness state of feeling, where he can more availingly 
speak comfortably to thy soul. 



Kennet. 

Notwithstanding my friend has ranked me among 
the insensibles, or such as remain a considerable part 
of their short existence in a torpid state, yet, be as- 
sured, I very feelingly sympathize with thee under thy 
late misfortunes. The loss of several hundreds by 
bankrupts, is indeed an adverse stroke of fortune, and 
which, as thou sayest, had it been spared thee, might 
have contributed to set thee off to better advantage in 
the world. The loss of thy horse, and favourite dog, 
what trials can equal them ? 

But do not mistakenly imagine that the world glides 
along so easily with me, or that my temper is so even 
and well modulated, that I feel no pain from cross oc- 
currences. I can tell thee of several accidents which 
have lately befallen me in the course of my affairs, by 
which I was rather chagrined. 



124 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

I had set a goose upon eleven eggs, and often visited 
her to see if all was well with her, when yesterday 
ntorning I went to pay my usual civility to her, and, to 
my astonishment and vexation, I found an old sow had 
demolished the whole nest of embryos, leaving such 
marks of her carnage, as convinced me she was a most 
voracious creature, and I was then ready to conclude, 
wisely prohibited by the Jewish legislator from being 
eaten ; again, I thought if they were not made to be 
eaten, I know not for what they were formed, for, 
while they live upon the earth, they are only a nui- 
sance. 

I then took my little gang, and went to inquire after 
the welfare of a turkey, into whose maternal care, a 
few evenings before, we had committed seventeen eggs ; 
the situation of her nest was of her own choosing, 
under a honey-suckle, not far from a little stream of 
water, and a meadow lay before it. This creature, 
thought I, surely has some sense of pleasure from the 
beauties of nature, and purposes to regale herself, dur- 
ing the solitary weeks of incubation, with the fragrance 
of the honey-suckle, the murmuring of the rivulet, and 
the loveliness of the verdure that covers the mead. 
To render her situation still more secure from the 
weather, we had officiously placed over and about her 
some boards and rails. But how shall I recite the 
sad catastrophe ? The whole fabric had fallen down, 
crushed all the eggs, and broken one of the poor crea- 
ture's legs, whereupon there was no small outcry and 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 125 

lamentation among the little fry ; some were most 
moved with compassion for the afflicted turkey ; some 
blamed, and others excused. When I had returned to the 
house, I found the pet lamb had been in the garden, 
and cropped all my early sallad. 

Was ever being so unfortunate ! I could scarcely 
eat my breakfast for very vexation, and do not know 
but I should actually have taken to my chamber, had 
not my attention been diverted by an old man who 
came to the door asking charity ; I invited him in, and 
gave him his breakfast, and as I thought I traced marks 
of good breeding in his manner of expression, rather 
above the vulgar style, I became curious to know his 
story. " I was," said he, " born in Yorkshire, Old 
England ; my father was a considerable farmer, and 
having but myself and one daughter, he gave each of 
us a good education, but unfortunately for us, my mo- 
ther died when we were nearly arrived at the state of a 
man and woman ; my father afterwards married a young 
wife ; they had several children, and fortune not favour- 
ing them as heretofore, his circumstances were declin- 
ing, when I left him, and came to America upon re- 
demption. I was sold to pay my passage, and met 
with a hard place ; but time worked it over, and when 
I became a freeman, I applied myself to industry,, and 
got a little forward in the world, and married a wife, 
who, for the time she was with me, was a very 
agreeable companion, and an industrious helpmate. 

When this unhappy war commenced between Eng- 
12 



126 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

land and America, we lived upon a rented farm in the 
Jersey, and had a store of horses, and stock, household 
furniture, &c. to render us quite comfortable, when the 
army on each side alternately stripped us of every 
thing we had in the world, not leaving us a second suit 
to put on : — my wife soon after died, and I was struck 
with the palsy, which disables me from working for 
my living, and I am now begging my way to a relation 
that I have living in Charleston, South Carolina." 

I was moved with compassion, and gave him some 
assistance, and reflecting that, however tried we may be, 
we may find others still in a worse situation. I became 
resigned under those accidents which before had set so 
heavily upon me, and which, as the best advice I can 
give, is recommended to thee, by thy friend, 

S. Mason. 



"I should feel some hesitation in adding a dream to 
the contents of this volume, knowing that any deffer- 
ence thereto is considered by many, as a proof of a 
weak and credulous mind. But those who believe in 
Scripture testimony, must admit that the purposes of 
the Most High in ages past, were frequently communi- 
cated to his intelligent creation through this medium. 
And I believe that he still continues at seasons to speak 
his will in dreams and visions of the night, to those, to 
whom in the dispensations of his wisdom, he sees 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 127 

meet to unfold the future, in order to answer his own 
inscrutable designs." 

A DREAM. 

" There are, (says George Fox) three sorts of dreams. 
Multitude of business sometimes causes dreams, and 
there are speakings of God to man in dreams, and there 
are whisperings of satan in man in the night season." 
From what cause soever the following might arise, it 
deeply impressed my mind, and I was ready to believe 
that He, who hath followed me with many a tender 
visitation even from my very infantile years, was about 
to show me in a vision of the night what his purposes 
were, concerning me in future, that I might be encou- 
raged to press forward toward that City, whose builder 
and maker is God ; being many times much discouraged, 
from a sense of my own weaknesses, love of ease, and 
many besetments, I was sometimes ready to conclude 
it was in vain for me to set my face Zionward. 

On the 21st night of the 1st month, 1781, I had a 
dream, the first whereof I remember, was my being 
very ill, lying upon a bed at a friend's house near a 
large city, and though my situation seemed to require 
some care and attendance, yet the family all appeared 
too busy about their domestic concerns to pay me any, 
and care and industry were sealed upon their counte- 
nances. As I lay considering what I had best do for 
myself, I remembered a kind friend who lived in the 
adjacent city, with whom I thought I had some acquaint- 



128 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

ance : here I concluded I would arise and go, and ac- 
cordingly got out of bed, and began to put on my clothes 
which appeared dirty and not fit to be seen abroad in : 
however, I was the more eager to be going to the friend's 
house where I expected to get clean ones. As I was 
wondering how I should pass along the most remote 
from observation, a maid-servant of the family came and 
opened a back door, and directed me to a retired way, 
but when I attempted to go on, I found it so blocked up 
with huge pieces of timber, workmen hewing them, and 
such a variety of lumber that I could make but little pro- 
gress. I had no sooner surmounted one obstruction, 
than another lay in my way, and the difficulties I had 
to encounter appeared greater than to run the risk of 
general remark, so I turned into the high road, but found 
even then, that I did not know as perfectly where the 
friend lived as I had supposed : I made some inquiry, 
but none gave me any clear intelligence, and some gave 
wrong directions. I saw on the way a spacious build- 
ing, with a large porch before the door, at which many 
roads met. As I drew near, I observed a number of men 
and women sitting in the porch, who appeared to be of 
the gayer kind of Quakers ; those seemed to be much 
engaged in hearing and telling each other some new 
thing, and in making remarks upon travellers as they 
passed to and fro. Through this company I had to 
pass into the house, not knowing what it was, or who 
lived in it, but thought it might be a suitable place to 
inquire the way; when I entered, I found it a place of 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 129 

merchandise, where great numbers where employed in 
buying, selling, and making up parcels, so that there 
appeared scarcely a vacant spot in the whole house, and 
business was carried on with the greatest interest. 

After I had viewed it, I began to make inquiry of 
ore whom I took to be the master of the house, if he 
could direct me to my friend ; but for some time he 
seemed too busy either to hear or heed me ; however, 
I continued to ask ; he then told me to go out and take 
the straightest road. I felt some indignation at his 
conduct, both as to his worldly-minded ness, and his 
inattention to me, as he appeared to be a tolerably 
plain Friend, and in good esteem among them. I went 
out, determined to make no more inquiry of any of 
them. Still in doubt and uncertainty which road 
would lead me the most direct, I chose one, and being 
in great haste, I seemed to fly, yet still was uncertain 
of my being in the right ; but observing, as I ran, that 
it grew darker, and that there were buildings which 
looked like desolation, and persons whom I knew 
standing about the doors, that appeared miserable, I 
became more confident that this was not the city I 
sought; I expected, every minute, that some plain 
path would strike across, that so I might turn out of 
this way, but none appeared, and the houses became so 
close that there was no space between them ; the fur- 
ther I went, the more gloomy and terrible it appeared, 
and every countenance that I beheld wore the impres- 
sion of woe and misery. I then made a full stop, took 
12* 



130 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

a view of the place, and found there were three rows of 
buildings, made of straw and other light combustibles, 
which led to the brink of a great water, and to which I 
could see no opposite shore, though it was so dark, ex- 
cept now and then, that I could not discover any thing 
distinctly. I queried of myself, what place is this ? I 
have heard of hell, and this looks like it; hopeless 
misery seems to reign ; what shall I do ? I can never 
stay here, and yet I see no way out ; the street before 
me leads to yonder boundless ocean, and that, back to 
the great house of merchandise ; on the right hand and 
on the left no way appears ; alas ! what shall I do : 
which way shall I go to avoid being shut up in some 
of these habitations of misery ? As I was thus stand- 
ing in the greatest perplexity, not knowing which way 
to turn, I saw a light, and heard a voice say unto me, 
"be encouraged, thy way lies through the very houses 
and habitations of this hell, and place of misery." 
" What," said I, " will become of me, should some of 
those ill-favoured demons enclose me, when I enter their 
wretched abodes ?" "Fear not," said the light, or voice, 
" there is no other way for thee to get to the city thou 
seekest." I felt rejoiced and strengthened, that I had a 
director, whose counsel I could rely upon, though di- 
rected by it to that which, as I viewed it, was exceed- 
ingly hard : to enter these houses, where dismal dark- 
ness reigned, and horrid objects presented on every 
side, and which a glimmering light served only to 
make more terrifying. However, I pressed on through 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 131 

the first, second, and third rows, a narrow street being 
between each. When I had passed the third row, this 
light, or voice, told me I had now to travel through a 
dark valley, but " set thy face toward the city, and 
press forward." Fears then arose, lest some of those 
wretched beings whom I saw, should pursue me in this 
dreary vale which lay before me, where no track or 
footstep was to be seen, and darkness, even to be felt, 
held her empire. I had not gone far, before three of 
those demons overtook me, two men and a woman, and 
one came and grinned horribly in my face ; upon which 
I asked them what they wanted, and told them if they 
meant to strip me of what little money I had, I did not 
much regard that, but desired them not to offer me any 
further insult, for I had powerful friends in the city, to 
whom I would complain of them. "You don't know 
us," said one, " of whom, then, would you complain?" 
When he had so said, a clear light shone round about me 
and them, and I saw them plainly, and told them their 
names and occupations, and appealed to a fourth, who 
by this time had come up, if I were not right. The 
one who first accosted me, told me that woe and misery 
were their portion, and they wanted to make me as 
wretched as themselves. This, I thought, he spoke 
with a voice that excited pity, and all fear being now 
taken away, finding they had no power to hurt me, I 
began to exhort them to turn from their evil ways, and 
the Lord, in mercy, might be pleased to change their 
miserable condition ; but the three turned and went 



132 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

away ; the fourth, I observed to be a builder in this 
dark valley, where nothing appeared to be complete or 
finished; some houses only planned, others were 
raised ; some of a higher, others of a lower construc- 
tion, and though they appeared to be busy, yet nothing 
went forward towards completing the work. I now 
thought I met with several who were bound for the 
city, and we seemed helpful to one another a little way, 
but when we came to the suburbs I saw them no more. 
As we approached the city, it began to grow lighter, 
like the twilight in the evening, and I could just discern 
many of my old acquaintances, whom I was glad to see. 
Sometimes I sat down before the doors to converse 
with them, or went in to pay, as it were, a running 
visit, but found, when I came out, that it had grown 
darker. I said to the same light, or voice, (which be- 
came now more visible, and intelligible,) I believe I 
rather lose ground by stopping in this manner; it told 
me to proceed, for my difficulties were not yet at an 
end, so I went forward towards the middle of the city, 
without regarding or noticing any that I saw on the 
way, till coming to an exceedingly large unfinished 
building, I was shown a pair of stairs, which I had to 
ascend ; some of the steps were missing, others loose, 
and others fastened so that it required all my vigilance 
and care to see where to set my feet, lest I should fall 
through. When I had gained one ascent, there ap- 
peared a broad flat step ; then I had a second flight to 
go up, where there were not so many steps missing, or 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 133 

loose ; and then a third, the last were mostly firm, and 
well fixed. When I arrived at the top, there was some- 
thing overhead like a canopy. I stood still, and looked 
around me ; it appeared as a beautiful summer's morning, 
just before sunrise. I saw divers walking under this 
canopy, whose countenances appeared calm, sedate, and 
heavenly. I stood still, enjoying the beautiful prospect 
before me, and looking back on what I had passed 
through, my soul was filled with ecstasy, with which 
I awoke, and something like a heavenly sweetness re- 
mained with me for several days. 

" God speaketh once, yea twice, yet man perceiveth 
it not. In a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep 
sleep falleth upon men in slumberings upon the bed, 
then he openeth the ears of men, and sealeth their in- 
struction." — (Job, xxxiii. 14, 15, 16.) 



REFLECTIONS. 

The similitude of the mustard seed* and its growth, 
and the more secret operations of the little leaven in 
the three measures of meal,f I believe include the states 
of all who so walk in the path of rectitude as to an- 
swer the end of their creation. The tree represents 
the more opulent state, whilst the other presents a situa- 
tion of mind, not less acceptable in the estimation of 
Him who dispenseth his gifts to his creatures in greater 

* Matthew xiii — 31. f Matthew xiii — 33. 



134 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

and smaller proportions. To some he commits one 
talent, to another two, to others five, but the one talent 
is as capable of gaining another, as the two of four, or 
the five of ten ; and as we are found occupying and 
improving, so will our attainments and our reward be. 
We are not all called into one line of usefulness, — were 
parents to attend more to what is generally termed 
genius in their children, and dispose of them accord- 
ingly, than to honours, wealth and preferment, I believe 
human life would not present such a confused system 
as it now does, but like a well constructed machine 
composed of many parts, all would work together for 
the good of the whole. 

Whatever change may suddenly be brought about so 
as to produce universal righteousness and order, by Him 
who has all power in his hand, and who acts by the 
laws of immutable wisdom, we know not. But cer- 
tain it is, that that reformation which many desire, and 
some are looking for with the eagerness of expectation, 
must be individual before it can be general. 

Surely the present aspect of things among men calls 
loudly for rectitude of conduct on the part of adults, 
and a proper mode of instruction for the young. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 135 

" Among some of her fragments was found inscribed 
the following piece." 

REPENTANCE. 

" Though the righteous fall seven times, they shall 
rise again." These encouraging expressions having 
very often livingly revived in my mind, I hereby insert 
them. 

Having given way to resentment on a trying occasion, 
and manifested it by some expressions before several, 
who, no doubt were sensible of its inconsistency, with 
a truly Christian spirit and disposition, and feeling in- 
quietude of mind, and a want of that peace which is 
only to be found in reconciliation with God ; I have 
been deeply bowed under an humbling sense of my own 
great imperfection and weakness, insomuch that I abhor 
myself (as it were,) in dust and ashes, and have been 
wont to cry out, "forgive me Lord, as I forgive those 
that trespass against me ; lead me not into temptation, 
but deliver me from evil." Hereafter lay what thou 
pleasest upon me, only give me strength and patience 
to bear, as becometh a follower of thee ; take what thou 
wilt from me, only deprive me not of thy holy spirit, 
nor hide thy presence from me, without which, I have 
found by experience all Nature and Creation to be but 
a howling wilderness, a desolate waste. 



136 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

" Subjoined, is this solacing testimony to forgiving 
Love." 

For ever magnified and praised be thy great and glo- 
rious name, in that thou hast accepted me in this thing, 
hast pardoned my transgressions, and put to silence the 
accuser in me, who had suggested that I need not now 
any more look toward thy holy Temple, or stand for 
thy cause, seeing that I had erred. 

O ! may every deviation in thought, word or deed, 
make me more and more sensible of the frailness of my 
nature, and the necessity of its being refined by the fire of 
thy baptism, before I go hence, and of dying daily to self, 
in order that I may more fully witness the arising of 
that life which is hid with Christ in God, which is that 
white stone whereon is inscribed, a new name that none 
can read save those that have it. 

SUPPLICATION. 

O Thou, in whose hands are all our ways, if consist- 
ent with thy purposes concerning me, grant that my 
allotment in thy family may be sequestered and re- 
mote from observation. That I may find and enjoy 
thee, sitting under mine own vine and fig tree, neither 
making such high professions or pretensions towards 
thee, as shall unnecessarily draw upon me the attention 
of any, nor yet withstanding any mark of discipleship 
thou mayst see meet to guide into. In all things glo- 
rifying thee, yet truly meek and low in heart, ascribing 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 137 

unto thee the praise of thine own works, prizing that 
humble self-abased state of mind, where only thy children 
can dwell in safety, above all gifts. S. M. 



OBSERVATIONS. 

A truly humbled, mortified Christian, whose growth 
and experience in the perfect way has placed him upon 
a summit above the reach of the praise or the blame of 
men, will, invariably pursue his Christian and moral 
duties, nor turn aside-from his purposes of doing good, 
though all men pass censure upon him. He continues 
firm and steadfast in his purposes through good and 
through evil report, knowing his ways are ordered of 
Him who is the perfection of wisdom, and who will in 
the end, be justified of those who walk in his counsel. 
Upon this principle only is any individual justifiable in 
persisting in a line of conduct, contrary to the general 
rule of propriety. But inasmuch as we are fallible 
creatures, and the deceiver near, it would be well for 
us carefully to examine the foundation whereon we 
stand — the motives that actuate us. Upon a slight view 
we may think ourselves whole and very safe, when a 
strict scrutiny might discover the case to be far other- 
wise. 

There is no medium between right and wrong, truth 

and error ; one or the other must influence our minds 

and prompt to action. If it be the latter, in thos3 who 
13 



138 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

who have advanced far in years, under the repute of 
being truly wise, and who have often administered 
wholesome counsel and admonition to others, I have 
sometimes observed a certain unpliant disposition, and 
backwardness to admit they have erred, or been mis- 
taken ; which have frequently proved fatal to themselves 
and to others. He who adjusts all things by num- 
bers, weight, and measure, will one day precisely deter- 
mine. When that awful period arrives when streams flow 
backward to their source, and actions are laid open 
and traced to their original spring, I believe many seem- 
ingly guilty, will be found innocent; whilst others, 
deemed whole and sound, and who appear to lack no- 
thing, will, when weighed in the balance, be found 
wanting. The mystery of iniquity is great, and the 
subtle devices of the adversary not a few. Then, does 
it not behoove all carefully to proceed in the way of sal- 
vation, digging deep, and laying our foundation upon the 
immoveable Rock ! For, in mutability, we may expect 
the powerful assaults of storms and floods, which will 
sweep off every fabric, however fair its aspect, and 
broad its base, if erected on the sandy ground of self- 
security. 



" Amongst her fragments, I found the following por- 
trait of a practical Christian, and minister of the gos- 
pel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ ; whether 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 139 

drawn from an original, or only taken from her own 
views of the needful and attainable purity that should 
designate the professors of this high and holy Name, I 
cannot determine. That it is a state we are called to press 
after, I have no doubt, or the injunction would not have 
been given, by unquestionable authority, ' be ye perfect.' 
How lovely is such a picture of the harmonizing influ- 
ences of Divine love ! How inviting to embrace its refin- 
ing, regenerating power, whereby the human mind be- 
comes divested of all its asperities, is re-moulded into an 
heavenly image, and peace and happiness enter its asso- 
ciates on the journeyof life ! Whilst, on the other hand, 
we realize in our own experience, as well as read it in 
the example of others, that the ' way of the transgres- 
sor is hard,' and his end without hope — that blessed 
hope which is an * anchor to the soul, both sure and 
steadfast,' enabling the battered bark to ride out the 
storms and tempests of time, and to moor at last in the 
haven of eternal rest." 

Character of a genuine Christian, and Minister of the 
Gospel. 

His life is an amiable transcript of his Redeemer, 
and, like him, he goes about doing good. He shines 
forth as a light in a dark place. His influence is known 
and felt by a sure, though a silent operation. His cha- 
racter is impressed with the image of the Deity, bear- 
ing the signature of unfeigned truth, and pure disinter- 
ested goodness. He is conspicuous in the sweetness of 



140 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

his temper, the meekness of his deportment, the unaf- 
fected decency of his conversation, and his readiness to 
oblige, by the frequent sacrifice of private ease, to the 
interest, comfort, and convenience of the brethren. 
Above all, is his easy, cheerful, affectionate method of 
communicating what he knows to be useful and neces- 
sary, in temporal as well as in spiritual concerns. His 
is no sour, forbidden aspect. His house and his heart 
are open to all who need his assistance. The loveli- 
ness of true religion appears in his whole conduct: 
even those who will not imitate, dare not condemn him. 
He is not only a professor of the name, power, and spi- 
rit of our blessed God and Saviour, but he is a partaker 
of Christ in spirit, life, and conversation. A plain, 
meek, humble man of integrity, disdaining the artifices 
of the hypocrite. A man fearing God and hating ini- 
quity. A man sanctified by the Holy Spirit, unto un- 
feigned, constant love of the brethren in Christ. A man 
sound in faith, in patience, in charity. He is a preacher 
of Christ and his righteousness in his conversation, as 
in his ministry and doctrine, wherein he is exemplary 
to believers. He is given up to serve the truth, and 
being of a tender spirit, truly sympathizes with the 
sufferer, pouring the oil and the wine into every wound, 
whether self-inflicted, or received through the indiscre- 
tion or the malice of others. He sees before him, in 
every human being, a brother or a sister, destined for 
immortality and eternal life. From those hungering 
and thirsting for heavenly sustenance, he withholds not 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 141 

the gifts entrusted to him. To the sorrow-stricken, 
naked and destitute of consolation, he is found adminis- 
tering the word of life. Whilst the sin-sick, prison- 
bound soul, is equally the object of his solicitude and 
his love. In the fulfilment of his duty to God and man, 
he takes not to himself any praise, knowing the ability 
to receive or to do good is derived from Him who is 
the source and centre of every blessing. From the hu- 
miliation which marks his course through life, we may 
safely conclude, that when his work shall terminate on 
earth, his portion will be with those who are initiated 
into the joys of an endless eternity, with the welcome 
salutation, * " Come ye blessed of my Father, inherit 
the kingdom prepared for the righteous from the foun- 
dation of the world," 



J2 just representation of a Pennsylvania farm ; ad- 
dressed from a friend in the country, to her friend 
in the city. 

The wintry storms, lo ! now they 're past and gone, 
And verdant carpets deck the flow'ry lawn, 
The feathered tribes attune their throats to sing, 
And hail the glad return of cheerful Spring ; 
The turtle's note again is heard to coo 
In plaintive notes within our borders too ; 

* Mark xxv. 34. 
13* 



142 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON* 

The fruit trees now in vivid bloom excel,. 
And tender grapes give forth a goodly smell, 
Creation smiles and all her works look gay, 
Come forth my friend, my sister come away, 
See Nature's book her fairest leaves unfold, 
Of charming landscapes, beauteous to behold ; 
Hills towering high, and vales descending low, 
The distant plain where trees promiscuous grow 
Field beyond field in richest verdure clad, 
And blooming orchards make the peasant glad, 
The winding streams where finny nations play, 
Through fields and meads roll on their wand'ring w; 
In murmuring accents sometimes heard to pass 
And sometimes steal in silence through the grass, 
With treasures rare, add nurture to the soil, 
Which with full crops repay the labourer's toil, 
'Tis not the least of wonderful to see 
The ehymic art of the industrious bee, 
" Extracting sweetness from each op'ning flower'* 
" Gainst future want she plies the present hour." 
E'en meaner insects raise our wonder too, 
When close surveyed with microscopic view. i 
Here flocks and herds are in fat pasture seen, 
And little lambkins frolic o'er the green. 
The sturdy oxen and the stately steed, 
Tear up the clod where Egbert sows the seed : 
Industry now leads forth her healthful train 
By useful labour each pursues his gain. 
Sire, son, and hireling hie with equal haste, 
Share the same labour and the same repast. 
No tardy slave impedes the needful toil, 
Their sweat we need not to enrich our soil 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 14.3 

Huge timber felPd surrounds the busy mill, 

And heaps of stone supply the blazing kiln ; 

At eve thou'lt hear in mingled notes a noise 

Of fowl, of beast, of jovial men and boys, 

Of waters pouring down the distant flood 

Which echo answers from the neighbouring wood. 

Here frugal plenty on our board is seen, 

A house convenient, mostly, neat and clean ; 

A few choice books, a few choice friends I boast, 

Which seem to vie which shall engage me most, 

Four darling objects of parental care, 

Blooming in youth, of either sex a pair, — 

My Egbert too, if I his worth might tell, 

In modest merit, -few would him excel : 

For scenes like these, couldst thou awhile forego 

The noisy town its pageantry and show, 

Come take thy welcome, come, make no delay, 

For times and seasons quickly pass away. 

Never make your children mere creatures of burden 
for the sake of gathering riches ; but allow them lei- 
sure for cheerful relaxation and for mental culture. Re- 
member they are destined for immortality. 



" In reference to the subject of slavery, she thus 
writes to a collective body of Friends :" 

1787. 
It is not only the enlargement of an oppressed peo- 
ple that we seek ; but we feel an ardent desire that the 



144 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

possessors may become separated from that iniquity. 
Many amongst us have found by experience, that they 
could not enter into the glorious liberty of the children 
of God, whilst they continued to hold their fellow-be- 
ings in bondage ; and, after giving them up, according 
to Divine requisition, they have been made favoured 
instruments in the Lord's hand. Whilst the unfaithful 
and unbelieving, in this respect, have, with sorrow, 
been observed to become as the heath in the desert, that 
knoweth not when good cometh, even after frequent 
visitations of Divine love, have manifestly been extended 
to them. May none continue to reject the call of the 
Most High, "Come out and be ye separate there- 
from," nor reason away the secret monitions of truth 
in their own minds, lest, when inquisition for blood is 
made, they be found among the guilty. 



To J. G. 

Kennet, 10th Mo. 30th, 1790. 
1 feel it a delicate point to express to thee, my friend, 
the overflowings of my mind, lest the freedom should 
hurt thy feelings and cause unpleasant impressions, 
which are very foreign from my purpose I assure thee. 
If I presume further than I ought, be pleased to impute 
it to a like officious care and concern which sometimes 
prevails, even more than is prudent in an affectionate 
mother toward her son ; — such in measure is the tender 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 145 

regard I feel for thee. I yet well remember the slip- 
pery paths of youth, the many innate propensities and 
powerful incitements to wander from strict rectitude ; 
which, with the concurrence of other unfavourable cir- 
cumstances, sometimes involve the comparatively inno- 
cent and virtuous in many difficulties, and from our 
inquietude under them we are ready to conclude that 
Providence has marked us out victims of his displeasure, 
though in our own view not more deservedly so, than 
numbers we behold enjoying his smiles and his bene- 
dictions. Thought crowds upon thought, reflection 
upon reflection, till w-e are ready to conclude it had been 
better for us had the part we contribute in the great 
chain of existence, been assigned to some link in Crea- 
tion not subject to reason and intelligence. If this have 
been thy case, attend to the counsel of one who has had 
the same in her own experience, and who at times has 
been favored to see in a mystery the wonderful dealings 
of Almighty God toward his creature man. When we 
are crossed in those things which we esteem to be bless- 
ings, we are apt to conceive that great, or perhaps the 
greatest of evils has befallen us. But in our appre- 
hensions of good and evil, when compared with the 
Most High, it may be said "as the Heavens are higher 
than the earth, so are my thoughts higher than your 
thoughts, and my ways than your way." It is an 
undoubted truth that the love of the most tender fa- 
ther towards his only son, is but a faint similitude of 
the heavenly Father's love toward the workmanship of 



146 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA. MASON. 

his hands. His omniscient eye beholds us wherever 
we are, or however circumstanced, and his guardian 
power protects us from surrounding evils when we 
neither see nor apprehend danger ; — into whatever con- 
dition or circumstance he permits us to be brought, 
though to our circumscribed view it may seem owing 
to chance, or we may consider it as an indication of 
Divine dereliction, yet witness the instance of Joseph, 
whom his brethren sold into Egypt. I have no doubt 
it is the very means whereby Infinite Wisdom intends 
to bring about our true interest and advantage. This He 
will assuredly effect in his own time, if we do not wil- 
fully and perversely couter-act his gracious designs. 
The want of patience, even where we run into no ex- 
treme of vice, may overturn the whole scheme. Our 
progress, according to scripture and our own experience, 
from infecility to true fecility, is from tribulation to 
patience, from patience to experience, and from experi- 
ence to hope — that hojoe which maketh not ashamed, 
but worketh for us a great and exceeding weight of 
glory. Let me therefore with the warmth of parental 
love and solicitude, recommend as a matter of the utmost 
consequence to thy present and future happiness, an 
earnest labour for patience, resignation, and an humble 
acquiescence with thy present allotment. As thou at- 
tainest thereto, thou wilt assuredly find an internal se- 
renity and peace which the world can neither give nor 
take away, and I fully believe, that after a short time of 
trial and probation, thou wilt find all else that is needful 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 147 

added. Since I have thus far presumed, let me further 
recommend that thou apply thyself to some profitable 
employment, requiring attention ; I am satisfied it sets 
the mind most at ease from corroding thoughts. 

Shouldst thou incline to diversify the scene by an ex- 
cursion into the country toward our habitation, be 
assured a visit from thee will be kindly received by thy 
countryman, my husband, and by me thy affectionate 
and sympathizing friend, Susanna Mason. 



The peculiarity of the following occurence I thought 
worthy of some remarks : 

The 20th of the 5th month, 1793, being the day of 
our Quarterly Meeting for business, at London Grove, 
it was attended by our friend John Simpson. After 
meeting was over, he expressed to one present a desire 
to speak to me, of which being informed, I went up to 
him. He took me by the hand and said, " my dear 
friend, I have often remembered thee, from one circum- 
stance, which was, my being at your house soon after 
thou wast married ; observing thy dress, I took occa- 
sion to remark to , who was there also, that 

thou wast very fine." " Yes," said he, " she is aMa- 
rylander, and they are like terrapins, carry all they are 
worth upon their backs." " A few years after, I heard 
thy name called, and saw thee at a Select Meeting in 
Philadelphia. It occurred to me that the terrapin had 



148 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

crawled along very well to get there already ; and at 
the time, I had to remember the race between the hare 
and the tortoise. The hare thought very little of the tor- 
toise, and supposed he might indulge himself in a sleep 
by the way, and still keep before the tortoise ; whilst 
he was doing this, the tortoise passed him and won the 
race." He then encouraged me to persevere in the 
way of well-doing, through every obstacle that might 
cross my path, and though my progress in the work of 
religion might seem small, comparable to the creeping 
of the tortoise, yet not to be discouraged, but endeavour 
to creep along, and the end would assuredly be blessed. 
I was so far sensible of my own deficiency, and the 
smallness of my progress in the work of religion, as to 
prevent my placing his comparison of the hare and tor- 
toise much to my own advantage ; but it occasioned the 
following reflections : That it is unsafe for any one, 
however exalted his state and condition may be, either 
as to spiritual or temporal worth and acquirements, to 
indulge a disposition to speak in a contemptuous man- 
ner of those he may deem his inferiors ; because in 
spirituals, nature and grace, good and evil, are ever 
striving for the mastery over us, and we are mutable. 
So that, in the nature of things, it is possible for those 
who have run well for a season, and have advanced 
pretty far in a good way, through the prevalence of na- 
ture, or evil, to step retrogade, instead of forward : 
whilst those who were as the weakest and hindermost 
of the flock, may, through the effect of grace, (which 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 149 

is not bounded by man's uncharitableness,) step forward, 
and even outstrip such strong ones as those who think 
they stand firm ; and yet these lowly ones feel assured 
they have nothing whereof to boast. 

As to temporals ; the wheel of fortune, as the vicis- 
situdes of human affairs are often termed, may turn, 
and the highest to-day, may be the lowest to-morrow. 
When this happens, in either case, such expressions as 
tend to undervalue or evince contempt, are often re- 
membered and applied to the disadvantage of those who 
spoke them. In the present instance, whether applica- 
ble or not, I shall leave. John Simpson had remem- 
bered it upward of thirteen years, and applied it as be- 
fore cited. 

I had further to reflect upon the occasion : For those 
who make high religious pretensions, to cast unkind, 
ungenerous reflections upon any, behind their backs, 
evinces that they are, at the time, off their guard, or that 
they are, in reality, not what they ought or pretend to 
be, which time and circumstances will make manifest. 



"Prosperity makes friends: adversity tries them." 

How prosperous soever the wicked may be for a 

season, yet disgrace and condign punishment are often 

nearer than they are aware. This is instanced in the 

case of Haman ; whilst, in the conduct of Harbona, we 

14 



150 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

discover the proneness of many to turn with the tide 
of human affairs. In a state of prosperity, it is hard to 
know our real friends, or secret enemies. Harbona, no 
doubt, had paid the accustomed honours and ceremo- 
nies to Haman, whilst court favour shone upon him, 
and whilst he had gifts and preferments to bestow ; but 
it is by no means improbable, that at the same time, 
he envied him his exaltation, and despised him in his 
heart. Yet, not till royal displeasure marked him a 
victim to disgrace, did he presume to lift up his voice 
in condemnation against him. How preferable is the 
smallest token of sincere regard, to all the titles, empty 
forms and ceremonies, that time-serving sycophants can 
lavish upon us ! 



" This compendium upon Education, appears to re- 
fer more particularly to those of the same Religious 
Society of which she was a member ; but as it contains 
an urgent call to heavenly-mindedness, as a necessary 
preparation to train up a child in the way he should 
go, the perusal of her sentiments cannot intercept the 
diligence of any in pressing after this desirable attain- 
ment." 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 151 

THOUGHTS UPON EDUCATION. 

" Like tender osiers children take the bow, 
And as the twig is bent the tree will grow." 

Though parents or tutors cannot confer grace, nor 
impart powers which heaven has not implanted, yet by 
care and attention to the trust reposed in them, they 
undoubtedly may answer to the mission of him, who was 
the forerunner of Christ, " in preparing the way of the 
Lord, and making his paths straight." To a common 
observer, it is evident, that the natural understanding 
and endowments of young minds, may be enlarged or 
compressed, according to the culture they receive ; 
though there may be some instances, where, through 
Divine regard to the creatures of his forming hand, 
valuable men and women have arisen, upon whom very 
little proper cultivation had been bestowed. Yet there 
is reason to believe, that they might have been much 
more extensively useful, had their education been more 
proportionate to their abilities, and adapted to the good- 
ness of their dispositions. On the other hand, in- 
stances of much pious care, and of expensive tuition, 
have been subverted to ill purposes ; but still it is en- 
couraging to observe, that the effect of a liberal and 
pious education is rarely so defaced that marks thereof 
will not remain, and often prove " as bread cast upon 
the waters," to be " gathered after many days." 

That the mind of man is capable of great improve- 



152 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

ment, is set forth by the parable of our blessed Lord, 
comparing the Kingdom of Heaven to a grain of mus- 
tard seed, which, in its first state, is a very small seed, 
but being sown in a garden, or field, (which denotes 
a place of cultivation,) becomes the greatest of herbs, 
shooting out branches, and becoming a tree, so that the 
birds of the air come and lodge under the shadow 
thereof. That this seed is sown in every heart, is a 
part of our Christian belief, and why it does not fruc- 
tify and grow, so as to produce the same or similar 
effects in all, is a matter highly worthy of considera- 
tion. 

Let all, upon whom devolves the important trust of 
training rational and immortal minds, seriously examine 
how far this deficiency may be owing to any error or 
neglect of theirs, that, when called to give an account 
of their stewardship, they may be ready to answer to 
their faithfulness herein. 

The wise legislator of the Jews, from a sense that 
no time or opportunity should be lost in the instruction 
of children, in those things which they were to observe 
as the rule of their conduct in riper years, left to that 
people the following precepts : — " The words that I 
command thee shall be in thine heart, (a necessary 
preparation for what follows,) and thou shalt teach 
them diligently to thy children ; thou shalt talk of them 
when thou sittest in thy house, and when thou walkest 
by the way, and when thou risest up, and when thou 
iiest down." From which we may learn, that the in- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 153 

formation of young minds is not to be a casual thing, 
or performed only at set times, but it ought so to engage 
our attention, that as often as opportunity presents, we 
should be prepared with needful instruction, caution, or 
counsel. 

That too high a value is frequently set upon know- 
ledge in the sciences and the languages, is no proof 
that they are not fit studies for the mind of man ; but 
there are instructions necessary to accompany them, 
which, it is to be feared, are too often omitted, or per- 
haps not rightly apprehended by some tutors. Hence 
ensues that knowledge, spoken of by the Apostle Paul, 
"which puffeth up and maketh a man vain." But were 
they fully apprized that the utmost stretch of human 
knowledge consists in knowing how little can be at- 
tained and comprehended by the finite powers of man, 
which, after intense application, finds many objects of 
its search can be but dimly seen in this present state, 
and could they become acquainted with the whole con- 
tained in the book of nature, it would be no compensa- 
tion for their ignorance in those things which relate to 
their eternal interest, they would, perhaps, better under- 
stand the rate at which human knowledge should be 
valued. 

What the Apostle Paul remarks respecting the ex- 
cellence of charity, which signifies the love of God and 
of our neighbour, and which is set above all other 
gifts and acquisitions, should be adopted by every one 

that is willing to have his or her judgment regulated by 
14* 



154 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

the standard of truth : — " Though I speak with the 
tongue of men or angels, and have not charity, I am be- 
come as sounding brass, and as a tinkling cymbal." 
(1st Corinthians, xiii.) 

I believe if a few summary rules were conscientiously 
inculcated by precept and example, that a blessing would 
follow, and parents thus engaged, would " see of the 
travail of their souls and be satisfied." 

To commence this great work, it is needful our at- 
tention be directed to the first buddings of vice, steadily 
endeavouring to prune away the branches. To eradi- 
cate the root is the prerogative of Him who is the re- 
surrection and the life in every soul, and till his in- 
speaking word of power shall wither and pluck up every 
plant in the garden of the mind, which is not of the 
heavenly Father's planting, we can do no more than nip 
the buds and crop the branches of the degenerate vine, 
which else might luxuriate, and so wholly take posses- 
sion of the soil as to choke the good seed of the King- 
dom. Hence the necessity of encouraging every pro- 
pensity that leans to the side of virtue ; early impressing 
upon youthful minds their duty to God, how much, 
and for what they stand indebted to him. He re wards 
the good and punishes the evil doers, yet is in himself 
so transcendently lovely, that for his own sake he is 
worthy the homage of the whole heart. Bind them in 
the strongest terms to a strict adherence to the truth 
upon all occasions, nor drive to extremity to avoid cor- 
rection. Mimicry, repeating the ludicrous, or profane 






MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 155 

sayings of others, prying into matters which do not 
concern them, divulging secrets, proneness to take 
offence, needless attention to diet, to trifling ornaments 
and to dress in general, domineering over servants, ex- 
posing their failings, and exacting from them offices 
which they themselves would healthfully and more pro- 
perly be called to fulfil, are all matters of serious con- 
sequence, and need a parent's vigilant eye. Teach 
them the art and mystery of keeping silence, and when 
they are sufficiently disciplined therein, they may be the 
better qualified to speak and converse. Restrain them 
from all vain boasting' of their own acquirements, endea- 
vour to inspire a veneration for virtue, and an abhorrence 
of vice, and pity for the vicious. Allow them leisure 
to acquire a competent knowledge in profitable reading, 
and introduce them at times into suitable company; 
but guard them against forming indiscreet friendships, 
whereby many of the inexperienced have been lured 
into an entangled maze and suffered deeply thereby. 

I am now but little turned from the meridian of life, 
and in the course of my observation thus far, I have 
found that those who have discovered marked evidences 
of vanity on account of any acquisition, perfection, gift, 
or favour of Providence, have in their allotment in the 
world, met with some mortifying circumstance, some 
cankerous evil which they could no way avoid ; whilst 
others of seemingly far less merit, have passed on clear 
of such humiliating trials ; for which I have assigned 
this reason, that * God will not give his glory to another, 



156 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

nor his praise to graven images ; but he that glorieth, 
should glory only in this, that he understandeth and 
knoweth the Lord, who exerciseth loving kindness, 
judgment and righteousness in the earth." 

As to the openly profane and wicked, whose conduct 
seems to set Omnipotence, and his laws at defiance, 
I have nothing to say. My mission is to endeavour 
to arouse those, who mistakenly attempt to reconcile 
wrong practices, with Christianity and good manners. 
These form a class of people I shall denominate time- 
killers ; who probably owe their errors to a misguided 
education. Having had much care and cost bestowed 
upon them in early life, to teach them excellence in 
mere externals, or ornamental accomplishments to the 
neglect of improvement in their intellectual faculties, 
they conceive what they have attained to be objects of 
the greatest importance ; hence it comes to pass that 
when they have arrived at years wherein we might sup- 
pose them capable of exercising the abilities which God 
has given them to some good purpose, they do little to 
any useful end, and some employ themselves in worse 
than nothing ; whereas, if they had been properly cul- 
tured and taught to understand in what the chief dignity 
of nature consists, they might have arrived at honoura- 
ble and useful distinctions in life, according to their 
several capacities ; but from the vacuum within, and the 
want of matter to furnish agreeable and profitable enter- 
tainment, they are driven to many inventions to get 
time over. The card table and games of chance are 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 157 

among their expedients for time-killing, and as they do 
not play for money, they are sure there is no harm in 
it. But if rational and immortal beings, " created but a 
little lower than the angels," and whose state in eternity 
depends upon the use and improvement of their short 
and uncertain tenure here, cannot find occasions for a 
more profitable exercise of their talents, and who, if 
they were not thus diverting themselves, have neither 
thought nor capacity for any thing better or higher — 
there I shall leave them ; recommending to their peru- 
sal that passage of scripture respecting the unprofitable 
servant, who through sloth and wrong indulgence had 
wrapped up his talent and buried it in the earth, but 
whose excuses availed not to save him from a state of 
outer darkness, or a separation from the Divine harmo- 
ny, for God is light, and in him is no darkness. 

In near affinity to these, are those called time-servers, 
who fill up the chasm between religion and irreligion ; 
who, without any hypocritical views, readily incline 
either way, as suits the occasion ; and from a certain 
flexibility in their dispositions, can conform themselves 
to whatever kind of company or conversation they hap- 
pen to fall in with. This condescension, they say, is 
due to politeness, and tends to enliven the spirit of so- 
cial communion; that they can mechanically join in 
with the conversation and passtimes that please others, 
without entering into the spirit of it themselves. If 
such can reconcile this tax upon politeness to the testi- 
monies of the witness within, the straight and narrow 



158 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

way, and doctrine of the cross, pointed out by our Sa- 
viour, and are sure that their example casts no stum- 
bling block in the way of any honest inquirer after the 
way to Zion, then I leave them to carry their polite- 
ness with them to that heaven which they are antici- 
pating. 

Though I have heard these excuses for time-serving, 
I cannot pass them by as just or valid, nor accept of 
such an affront upon genuine politeness, which, I am 
convinced, is of heavenly lineage ; a communicable 
perfection of the Most High, flowing through channels 
of love, charity, benevolence, good-will, self-sacrifice, 
and all the philanthropic dispositions which reflect His 
goodness ; and whatever does not stand the test of sin- 
cerity and truth, and wear the seal of heavenly-minded- 
ness, is false coin in comparison as the gaudy tinsel 
to the pure gold. 

A genteel behaviour and pleasing address comport 
well with politeness ; but the thing itself is a compound 
of many virtues. Let none then be deceived, or endea- 
vour to deceive, by passing off their cheap tinsel ware, 
composed of unmeaning titles, bows, gestures, and 
compliments, for which they had no draught upon any 
of the benign dispositions, and then think themselves 
entitled to the appellation of polite. But let them care- 
fully examine the basis of their politeness, and perhaps 
they will find it to be an unwarrantable desire after po- 
pularity, or a dastardly spirit of denying Christ before 
men. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 159 

To the errors of education may be attributed the mis- 
takes of many who deviate on the other hand. They 
are not concerned on account of others, as to pleasing* 
or displeasing them, further than suits their interest ; 
they set no value on refinement of manners, polite ac- 
complishments, human literature, knowledge of the 
world, books, or men, only as needful to the purposes of 
plain industry, and putting them on the alert in seeking 
their own advantage in transacting their mundane affairs ; 
which, to be sufficiently prepared for, requires an in- 
timate acquaintance with the dark side of the human 
character. 

That no man was formed for himself only, is an al- 
lowed and approved maxim. Each individual owes 
many services to the community at large, indepen- 
dently of, and even contrary to his own inclination 
and pleasure ; and according to his ability to render 
these services, he stands debtor to the community until 
they are paid. In order to qualify a youth for the dis- 
charge of these obligations, it is needful to commence 
very early to break the shell of self-love, into which 
some are naturally more contracted than others, by 
teaching them liberality in distributing justice, vera- 
city, submission, an obliging behaviour, and all the 
social virtues. Where this is wanting in forming the 
mind, they become obstinate, obdurate, tenacious, self- 
willed, and uncivil in their behaviour and treatment of 
others. 

I believe that so much may be paid to dress, and ad- 



160 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

dress, as to give the youthful a becoming, modest as- 
surance in company, that they need not feel abashed on 
account of their awkwarci and uncouth appearance. If 
this have been disregarded, they often acquire a turn 
for low company, where they can be more free and 
easy ; and when such get from unpler the power of re- 
straint, they are very apt to be more vain, fantastical, 
and ridiculous, than those who have had proper regard 
paid to them in this particular. Were such parents to 
consider, that human learning, when properly applied, 
is a hand-maid to virtue ; that a knowledge of the 
world, books, and men, when discreetly culled and 
digested, and the good and useful extracted and sepa- 
rated from the evil, is a store-house of many valuable 
materials, very necessary and important in conducting 
the concerns of this world, and often proves an index 
to higher and holier interests in the world to come, 
they would not view it in so neglected a light. But 
from a mistake in this, they only bestow a small smat- 
tering of learning, and then tell them they have enough, 
by which they are built up with a conceit that they are 
sufficiently learned, and in what they do not understand 
they think there is no good. Hence, when they grow 
up, they often become intolerably vain and conceited, 
when more learning, properly inculcated, would show 
them that they were mere ignoramuses ; that they had 
nothing of which to boast or be vain. But not having 
acquired a relish for reading, they can find no time to 
read, and an acquaintance with the manners and max- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA. MASON. 161 

ims of the world (they say) would bring them into an 
acquaintance with much evil, which might lead them 
into prodigality, and expensive vices ; hence their un- 
derstandings become compressed within a very narrow 
compass, and they are disqualified for many of the 
common duties of life, or for filling, with propriety, 
any office of trust or preferment in church or state. If 
they be raised to any thing above the common level, 
others are often embarrassed on account of their incapa- 
city and ignorance. They are like an evil which King 
Solomon saw under the sun, " servants riding upon 
horses ;" which surely is a greater incongruity than for 
"princes to go on foot." If such parents be lovers of 
mammon, they will not fail to teach their children by 
example and precept, that arts of industry, and getting 
forward in the world, are the material excellence, which 
maxim being so often inculcated, they think it a self- 
evident principle, and at length the world becomes the 
God they worship with all their soul, mind, will, and 
strength ; hence arises unfeelingness toward the poor, 
thinking if they had done their duty as faithfully as 
themselves, they would be in better circumstances ; and 
viewing them (as indeed they do all mankind not as 
watchful and thrifty as they) no better than Jews or 
Turks, just meet to be made an advantage of, that there 
is no harm in overreaching them in a bargain. When 
they get them into their power, and their necks down 
their throats, they think they do them unrequitable ser~ 

vice if they do not bite off their heads. Next, they 
15 



162 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

have kept them so closely within the bounds of moral 
rectitude, as to induce a belief that they are sufficiently 
religious, and they go on, performing their round of la- 
bour and religious duty as mechanically as a clock its di- 
urnal revolutions, and as instinctively as the ox repairs 
to the crib at the accustomed hour of feeding. As their 
religion and their labour centre in one point, they un- 
derstand their whole system as intuitively as the most 
simple operation in nature. Their quota toward de- 
fraying public expenses is a grievous burden ; if they 
give alms, or extend any small benefit, they are greatly 
magnified ; if they pray, or give thanks to God, it is for 
some earthly good. If they read in scripture of the 
incompatibleness of the love of the world with the love 
of God, they think it belongs to others and not to them. 
From the general tenor of their lives and conversation, 
it cannot be found that their aims, thoughts, or compre- 
hension extend any further, go any deeper, or rise any 
higher, than to plan, scheme, and occupy in the way of 
their worldly concerns ; to investigate the affairs of the 
neighbourhood, and gather the contents of a newspaper 
or some other intelligencer. Thus they grow up, and 
live on in the world, (unless met in some narrow way, 
by a miracle of mercy turning their minds into some 
better path,) under the mistaken notion that they are 
journeying toward Heaven, whilst their affections are 
grovelling in the earth. At length the harbingers of death 
infirmity and old age, overtake them ; they are inwardlj 
disquieted and uneasy; they wonder what ails them 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 163 

they are not burdened with any great sins, and as for 
smaller ones and weaknesses, God is gracious and will 
pardon them. As they lived unbeloved they die unla- 
mented ; and when they are gone, I know of no epi- 
taph better suited to them than, " Here lies a link be- 
tween the rational and animal creation." 

There are few who do not owe some wrong bias to 
the prejudice of education ; and it would be well for all, 
as their understandings expand, carefully to examine 
the ground and foundation upon which they stand. An 
investigation into truth is not only useful but necessary 
in order to detect error. For want of this, we often 
observe a certain fixed attachment to one set of rules 
and customs in preference to another, for which we can 
give little or no other reason, than we were taught to 
believe they were right. Prejudice prevails, not only 
with some individuals, and societies of people, but is 
common with families, neighbourhoods, towns, states? 
and kingdoms ; something like Lord K.'s remarks of 
the Greenlanders, they think but little of the Euro- 
peans, considering all real excellence to consist in the 
art of catching seals, and when strangers come among 
them, they are valued only as they resemble them- 
selves. 

A general acquaintance with mankind has a tendency 
to remove prejudice, enlarge the mind, and inspire 
liberality of sentiment toward those who, in some 
respects, differ widely from that which we have been 
accustomed to view as the only right standard. This 



164 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

is evidenced by finding among the various ranks and 
conditions of life, men and women of distinguished 
merit, where, from a slight view, we little expected to 
find it. 

Pride is an evil against which most people declaim ; 
but I believe many are not sensible in what it consists, 
and from not fully understanding the matter, conclude 
they are clear, when, in reality, it is one of the govern- 
ing principles of their lives and actions. 

Pride is a false estimate of our own merit. What- 
ever the condition or appearance may be, those who 
think more highly of themselves than they really de- 
serve, may justly be termed proud. These we do not 
find limited to any particular description of people. It 
is a seed of nature, which, if not weakened by a proper 
education, and kept down by the gracious dealings of 
Divine Providence toward us, will grow, put forth 
branches, and bear fruit. What gives the differing 
ideas of pride is, that its productions are various, per- 
haps as much so as any other disposition of the mind, 
but the root and ground are this very false estimate of 
our merit. When we value ourselves upon religious 
attainments, this is spiritual pride. Let each one who 
wishes to find the lurking place of this evil, examine by 
this standard : " In what estimation do I hold my own 
merit ? What signs do I observe of an overweaning 
conceit thereof?" This would discover the fugitive 
where it exists. By the same rule we may judge of 
humility : " Am I little in my own eyes 2 Do I know 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 165 

my own nothingness, weaknesses, and imperfections, and 
do I lament over my own failures ? If so, so far am I 
opposed to pride, but no further." 

Outward state and grandeur, and rich and fine cloth- 
ing, are no certain proofs of a proud heart, any more 
than the reverse is of an humble one. Some, by plac- 
ing pride altogether in exterior marks of its predomi- 
nance, often judge amiss, whilst those to whom more 
properly belongs the epithet, pass uncondemned. But 
that those outward badges do not always indicate pride, 
or furnish a certain evidence of the state of the mind, 
is no argument that they are to be considered wholly 
as matters of mere indifference, having no hurtful ten- 
dency. 

I am fully of the mind, that were professing Chris- 
tians to attend more to their inward feelings, and be led 
and guided by that Divine principle of light and grace, 
universally bestowed, and instructed to understand its 
monitions and pointings than is generally the case ; 
they would be more led out of the pomps and vanities 
of the world, into a plainer, easier, and more unmixed 
path. Neither would it require any great degree of 
religious experience to show, that such things are a 
superfluous encumbrance to the mind, whereby its spi- 
ritual growth and improvement are often much impeded. 
The precepts and example of our blessed Lord, when 
he pointed all, without exception, into the straight and 
narrow way, the daily exercise of the cross and self- 
denial, were no arbitrary infliction of penance, to mor* 
15* 



166 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

tify and punish us ; but they are really more consist- 
ent with true Christian liberty, and minister freedom 
from under hard task-masters and their servile yoke of 
bondage. 

Let me appeal to the experience of those captivated 
by the love of outward splendour, and who adhere to 
the changing fashions and customs of the world, whe- 
ther it does not often occasion much fatigue of body 
and anxiety of mind, to support the appearance they 
wish? or, if they can be attained without any great ex- 
ertion on their part, where must the mind be ? 

The galley-slave, chained to the galling oar for life, 
may have his mind free to prepare for that state of be- 
ing, to which the present is but a prelude ; whilst 
those entangled, captivated ones, jeopard their eternal 
all for 

" Straw-like trifles on lifers common stream." 

This was the confession of some, who I believe were 
measurably redeemed from the love of the world and its 
fading glories ; but who, from existing circumstances, 
thought it expedient to conform to fashion and custom, 
and appear as though they regarded them as high things, 
yet had to acknowledge they found them impediments 
in their way ; burdens they would gladly lay down 
if they knew how. My own observations upon the 
many trifling forms, ceremonies, and ridiculous customs 
which too much prevail in the world, have often made 
me thankful that I embraced the restraints of a Society, 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 167 

whose predecessors walked in the path of simplicity, 
thereby making my way more plain and easy in these 
respects. From my connexion and intercourse with 
many who have been differently educated, I have dis- 
covered that the sensible and judicious part, consider 
our aberration from the wholesome restraints adopted 
by the Discipline of our Sect, as marks of our declen- 
sion and apostacy, from our principles and profession, 
which they neither desire nor expect ; but rather ad- 
mire that noble independence of mind, which asserts 
its own prerogative, instead of yielding vassallage to 
the habits of others. 

This brings to my remembrance an occurrence re- 
lated by Thomas Colley, a few years ago, when on a 
religious visit from Old England to these States. " As 
the King and Queen of Great Britain were taking an 
accustomed walk, they noticed two young women walk- 
ing near the same place, very fashionably dressed. The 
Queen said she supposed them to be Quakers ; the 
King, from their appearance, had formed a different 
opinion ; and to ascertain whose conjecture was right, 
directed their steps toward them. After the usual salu- 
tations, the King told them of the little dispute he and 
the Queen were engaged in, and asked them whether 
they professed to be Quakers ? Upon their answering 
in the affirmative, ' I am sorry,' said he, ' to see you 
have so far departed from your original plainness and 
simplicity.' " I give this as one example, that those 
who live up to what they profess, are the most es- 



168 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

teemed by the sensible and discerning, who know 
what they ought to be, to be consistent. 

However indifferent, gay, rich, and fashionable 
clothing may be to some to whom custom from earliest 
infancy has made it familiar, certainly it cannot be so 
light a matter to those who copy after them, contrary 
to the known rules of the religious society of which 
they are members, and which is often done in direct 
opposition to that duty which is due from a child to a 
parent, who, impressed with the magnitude of the trust, 
is endeavouring to guard the young and susceptible 
mind from the desolating inroads of a worldly spirit ; to 
train it in the way it should go through life's besetting 
snares, and to point to a sure foundation whereon to 
build its hopes of happiness beyond the grave ; even to 
Christ, the Redeemer, the wisdom and power of God 
manifested within, which crucifies to the world, and the 
world to us. I have heard some plead as an excuse for 
the liberty in which they indulge, that they did not see 
it to be wrong, if they did, they would not persist there- 
in ; but are we not scripturally informed, that it is only 
those who are faithful in the little, that shall be made 
rulers over more, and according as they yield obedience 
to the small manifestations of truth on their minds, are 
they made capable of receiving greater degrees of divine 
light and knowledge. For instance, we know it would 
be useless to set a pupil to answer a question in algebra, 
who would never submit to be instructed in the letters of 
the alphabet ; so in spiritual things, it would be needless to 






MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 169 

make large discoveries, or teach harder lessons to those 
who disregard the smaller and more easy ones ; con- 
sequently their ignorance of themselves, and not that 
the spirit of truth is inconsistent in allowing some who 
are taught to walk by the same rule, and to mind the 
same things, to go in the broad path with impunity, and 
to make the straight and narrow way the only terms of 
acceptance with others. 

Let me ask those who plead this excuse, that they 
have never seen such things to be wrong, whether they 
have been faithful in all things according to the best of 
their knowledge ? If 'so, they are excusable for their 
want of sight ; but if not, this prop falls to the ground. 

The evangelical Prophet Isaiah thought it not beneath 
the dignity of his office, to particularize the many orna- 
ments with which the daughters of that day adorned 
themselves, and in clear and conclusive terms mentions 
the displeasure of the Almighty, therewith in the fol- 
lowing declaration. " In that day the Lord will take 
away the bravery of their tinkling ornaments about their 
.feet, and their cauls, and their round tires like the moon': 
the chains, and the bracelets, and the mufflers, the bon- 
nets, and the ornaments of the legs, and the head bands, 
and the tablets, and the ear-rings, the rings and the nose 
jewels, the changeable suits of apparel, and the mantles, 
and the whimples, and the crisping pins, the glasses 
and the fine linen, and the hoods, and the veils." — Isa. 
iii. chap., from the 16th to the 24th verse. 

I fully believe, were professing Christians to live up 



170 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

to that purity which their religious principles require, 
there would be little or no difference among us in that 
which is essential to salvation, and far less in externals 
than now appears. 

What language can more expressly set forth the duty 
and self-denying path of a Christian, than the following 
excellent form of words, adopted by Episcopalians 
when they stand surety for a child in its baptism ? 
They promise and vow three things in its name ; first, 
that it shall renounce the devil and all his works, the 
pomps and vanities of this wicked world, and all the 
sinful lusts of the flesh ; secondly, that it shall believe 
all the articles of the Christian Faith ; thirdly, it shall 
keep God's holy will and commandments, and walk in 
the same all the days of its life. And the child in its 
catechism is taught to acknowledge, that he believes 
when he comes to age he is bound to make good this 
promise. 

What can the doctrine and self-denying principles of 
Quakerism require more ? I confess I have regretted 
that so excellent a form of expression should, through 
the falling away of backsliders, and the degeneracy of 
lukewarm professors, so far decline from its original 
design and import, as to become a mere empty form 
meaning nothing. 

There is a species of insanity common to many 
people, which may be better understood by denning 
it a chimera of mind or untutored imagination, which 
is no small impediment to their growth in grace. This 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 171 

busy faculty may so expand, as not to be bounded by 
probability or possibility. Its flights are often very ex- 
travagant, and to those who suffer their minds to be 
captivated thereby, it is wonderful what scenes it will 
exhibit. 

I believe there are but few who cannot understand 
me ; perhaps none who have not had illusive scenes 
and occurrences presented to their view', and so far as 
these are cherished, so far are they actually insane, 
though not observable to every beholder. From my 
own experience, I am confirmed that nothing has a 
greater tendency to excite this kind of insanity than 
reading plays and romances, and attending theatrical 
exhibitions, which being founded generally upon the 
fictions of fancy, can only feed the mind with the same 
kind of food. 

Some of these performances, especially of the tragic 
kind, take their subjects from detached parts of history, 
but they are so disguised with hyperbole, as scarcely to 
bear any resemblance to the facts they are said to dis- 
play. 

When the ingenious author can so adapt his story 
as to work upon those unstable elements, the passions, 
it produces emotions and transports whereby the senses 
are actually imposed upon, and the ideas so deranged 
as to dispose the mind for admitting falsehood for truth, 
and truth for falsehood. There are some religious de- 
clamations that have much the same effect. 

In order more fully to illustrate the plastic powers of 



172 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

undisciplined imagination, 1 shall give a few instances : 
■ — once, in company with several others, I made a visit 
to a man that was insane ; we found him sitting on the 
ground patching an old garment which he wore ; he at 
first appeared rational and gave sensible answers to the 
questions put to him, but after a little free communica- 
tion, began to open his mind to us and told us he was 
a king, and possessed great wealth and power. He re- 
lated many occurrences feasible enough to be believed, 
and sent messages by us to several great men, with a 
demand upon some of them to remit him a sum of mo- 
ney, which if they refused, they should feel the effects 
of his displeasure. 

I saw another, who imagined himself to be the gene- 
ral of all the American forces, and that his presence in 
the field of battle was of the utmost consequence. 

I also knew a woman who had lived to the age of 
forty without marrying, and by accounts had never had 
an opportunity : she, too, was insane, and imagined 
herself a great beauty and a very accomplished lady ; 
that several gentlemen of the first rank had sought an 
alliance with her, and that fine houses, splendid furni- 
ture, coaches, horses, &c. awaited her acceptance. 

These ideas, I supposed, being often and long in- 
dulged, became so fixed upon their minds, that they be- 
lieved them realities, and no arguments could convince 
them of their non-entity. Though the powers of imagi- 
nation may not operate so forcibly upon all, as to impel 
a belief that its visions are realities ; yet where they are 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 173 

indulged only to amuse, they take up time and atten- 
tention in dalliance with falsehood, effeminate the 
mind, and disqualify it for the acquisition of those vir- 
tues needful for the performance of good, and the suf- 
fering of evil, in a manner becoming the dignity of 
rational immortal beings. To examine every idea or 
impression, before we suffer it to fix upon the mind, 
and to be convinced that it is at least within the atmo- 
sphere of truth and reason, nor suffer the cogitations to 
roam beyond their ample bounds, is the part of wis- 
dom : all beside belongs to the consuming fire. 

But how shall we give the true portrait, or describe 
the distinguishing features of a character, that answers 
to the tree matured, as described in the parable ? For 
example, we will suppose a youth just arrived at man- 
hood, whence we will follow him through the different 
stages of life, to the last and closing scene of his mor- 
tal existence. He comes up like a fair and promising 
flower, with the sweetness, mildness, and innocency of 
an angel inscribed upon his countenance. He does not 
affect the dignity of importance, yet he gains the ascen- 
dant by meekness, humility, and an obliging deport- 
ment. He presumes not to command, but, with the 
softness of persuasion, dignity and authority set upon 
his brow, and voluntary obedience awaits his nod. 
Love, friendship, and esteem, mark his footsteps 
wherever they tend. His voice is not heard with the 
loud and clamorous, yet his accents are remembered 

w ith respectful deference, and the power of truth is to 
16 



174 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

be felt in all his communications. His example points 
out, with the most undeniable evidence, the ways of 
rectitude, and the paths that lead to endless fame. 
Vice, self-convicted, flies unrebuked before him ; and 
Folly hides her head under the mantle of Silence, 
His politeness is from principle; his professions of 
regard are in truth and sincerity, and he considers 
every human being as entitled to his condescension 
and benignity. He is wise without dulness; free, open, 
and candid, without affectation or folly ; humourous 
and witty without being ludicrous. In conversation, his 
mind appears like a well-cultivated garden, stored with 
the flowers and fruits of every clime and season, which 
he can cull and serve to the taste of every one, and 
becomes all things to all men, so as to convey suitable, 
seasonable, and pleasing instruction. 

As the spirit of his life is one uniform tendency to 
do good, he seeks not to unbend it by trifling amuse- 
ments. Is he called to the service of the public? He 
is not lifted up with self-importance, but, sensible of 
the magnitude of the trust, discharge th it with fidelity. 
He enricheth not himself upon the spoils of another, 
but considereth the toil of him that laboureth. He 
draws tight the rein upon the neck of licentiousness, 
and enfeebleth the hands of injustice and oppression, 
but exalteth the standard of truth and righteousness. 
His courage is invincible, and in the way of his duty 
he turneth not his face from any, nor is he dismayed 
by opposition in the prosecution of a good design, but 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 175 

with the patient labour of persevering industry he 
bringeth it to pass. 

Whatever department he fills, or whatever be his 
rank or condition in life, he is a servant of the High- 
est, an honour to his kind, an ornament to his country, 
a jewel of inestimable value to the community, a light 
to his acquaintance, and a blessing to his family ; in all 
which he knoweth that he is no more than just to him- 
self, and to Him from whom he received his ability. 

If he live to old age, his grey hairs are as a crown of 
glory encircling his head, because he is found in the 
way of righteousness, and as he declines toward the 
verge of time, the consciousness of a well-spent life, 
and the well-grounded hope of a blissful eternity in view, 
sweeten every bitter cup, support him with becoming 
and teachable patience and cheerfulness under the pres- 
sure and languishment of bodily pain and infirmity, 
and the God of his life is with him in the last strag- 
glings of nature, (and may we not add) angels and the 
spirits of the just who have gone before, meet him at the 
gates of eternity, and hail him welcome to the seats of 
everlasting felicity. S. M. 



Kennet, Pennsylvania, 1794. 
Having concluded this little essay, I shall subjoin an 
invitation to those yet strangers to the wiles of the world, 
when they set out on the journey of life in the pursuit 



176 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

of happiness, to consult the experience of the wise 
King Solomon, who sought it in the heights of ambi- 
tion, and in all the devious ways that youthful inclina- 
tions are liable to run ; and after a full trial he concludes 
the summum bonum of the whole to be " vanity and 
vexation of spirit," and that a man can do nothing under 
the sun better than to "fear God and keep his com- 
mandments." S. M. 



True Christian charity toward those whose belief on 
all points does not agree w T ith our own, is an excellent 
virtue. 

Thomas a Kempis lived and died in the profession 
of the Roman Catholic religion. After reading his 
writings, I believed he possessed a truly Christian 
spirit; as fully so, as many who suffered martyrdom 
because they could not join in with the rituals of that 
Church. 

All true Christians are of the same spirit, but their 
gifts are diverse ; Jesus Christ appointing to each his 
particular office. 



Let no one condemn the subsequent pages, from a 
narrow conception that piety is not promoted through 
any other medium than literary truth and plain matter 
of fact. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 177 

We have many examples in scripture and in other 
writings, where truths have been instructively set forth 
and illustrated in allegories, parables, and similitudes. 

S. M. 



PHILOM'S VISION, 1794. 

WRITTEN BY A MOTHER FOR THE INSTRUCTION 
OF HER CHILDREN. 

"Vice is a monster of so frightful mien, 
As to be hated, needs but to be seen ; 
Yet seen too oft, familiar with her face, 
We first endure, then pity, then embrace." 

I Philom, am a friend to virtue and literature. I 
was pondering in my mind why vice and ignorance 
were so prevalent in the world, and why so few in com- 
parison to the numbers to whom the beneficent Father 
of all has dispensed talents and abilities capable of high 
improvement, should nevertheless fall so far short of 
any distinguishable attainment, and pass through life like 
ships on the ocean, leaving no traces of their course to 
serve as way-marks to successive voyagers ; whilst the 
few who wisely improve the talents bestowed, live for 
ever more, their reward also is with the Lord, and the 

care of them with the Most High, therefore they shall 
16* 



178 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

receive a glorious Kingdom, and a beautiful crown from 
the Lord's hand, for " with his right hand shall he cover 
them, and with his arm shall he protect them." (Wis- 
dom of Solomon chap, v.) I became absorbed in deep 
though tfulness, and fell into the following reverie or 
vision. 

I saw the figures of two persons coming toward me : 
one appeared advanced in age, yet his beauty and vi- 
gour were no ways impaired ; majesty was impressed 
upon his countenance, and a dignity not to be described 
marked his deportment : the other seemed less au- 
gust in his looks, but of a very beautiful and comely 
aspect. I bowed reverently before them, when, with 
a look of benignity and sweetness, they bid me arise 
and follow them. I obeyed, and we were instantly 
seated upon an eminence which commanded the pros- 
pect of a vast plain, where I beheld an innumerable 
concourse of people of both sexes, from infancy to 
old age, all advancing toward sun-setting. After them 
followed a great collection of ill-formed, disagreeable 
looking beings, resembling the forms my imagina- 
tion had often portrayed of elves, satyrs, spectres, spi- 
rits, imps, &c, who came and mixed with them ; their 
familiarity was at first very disgusting, but the crea- 
tures were so officiously complaisant and obliging, that 
many became not only reconciled, but social and inti- 
mate, consulting their views upon all occasions, and 
even dressed them up in a style that gained them easy 
access amongst all ranks and conditions, from the king 






MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 179 

to the beggar ; and many of them were to be seen in 
almost all companies, either select or public congre- 
gatings of people. I queried what this thing meant, 
and was told by the two venerable beings under whose 
guardianship I was placed, whose names were Virtue 
and Literature, that part of the train I beheld were ve- 
nial sins, such as idleness, ignorance, distrust, curiosity, 
superstition, effeminacy, affectation, parsimony, prodi- 
gality, pusillanimity, idle-speaking, &c. I observed 
among the number an Elf, who, I was informed, had 
once been a very useful servant, and was still valuable, 
when kept in proper subjection, but if suffered to rule, 
became an absolute tyrant, obliging those subjected to 
her caprice, to attend her footsteps through a round of 
the most ridiculous turns and meanderings imaginable. 
Her name, I learned, was Fashion, and no friend to Vir- 
tue and Literature. 

After these followed a train of demons, fiends, hob- 
goblins, and pests, more formidable in appearance, and 
various in shape, size and aspect ; some ridiculous ; 
others terrifying to behold. The preceding group at 
first disdained them, as beings of an inferior order ; but 
the latter insisted they were of one family ; upon which 
a warm contest arose, and an examination into pedi- 
gree was entered into, which resulted in clear proof that 
a near consanguinity subsisted between them. This 
point being settled, they soon became friendly and as- 
sisting to each other. I queried what those hideous 
creatures were, and was answered that each one was a 



180 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

vice, of formidable strength ; that every mortal was 
subject to be pursued and tempted by one or more of 
these ; but the Supreme Father and Governor of the 
Universe, not willing that the workmanship of His 
hands should become a prey to those evil spirits, had 
provided armour, and means of resistance as pointed 
out in Ephesians, 7th chapter, from the 11th to the 18th 
verses, and by his own immediate interposition and di- 
rection, strength and succour were afforded to vanquish 
those formidable adversaries. I observed several en- 
gaged, for a time, in almost a continual warfare with 
one or other of the evil spirits. I also saw, with sa- 
tisfaction, that ability to overcome in proportion to the 
conflict wherewith they were permitted to be tried, was 
dispensed, and, like the house of David, they became 
stronger and stronger, according to their perseverance, 
which was stimulated by the Omnipotent in power, and 
boundless in goodness, who deigned to stand on the 
field of battle, offering the sweetly solacing language, 
" fear not, for I am with thee." I saw many who put 
to flight their strong and deadly foes ; for, however 
long the warfare was continued, however great the ad- 
vantage appeared to be on the side of Vice, yet, whilst 
there was a reliance upon supernatural succour, it was 
administered, the assailants foiled, and the prey plucked 
frem their very jaws. Then I heard the song of 
praises resounding on the banks of Deliverance. 

But those who gave up the contest, and were van- 
quished by one of the Vices, generally were attacked 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 181 

by a number more, who entered each avenue into their 
hearts without opposition, and corrupted every thought, 
word, and deed of their lives, so that the very " plough- 
ing" of such, whatever they did, "was sin." Mourn- 
ful, indeed, was the situation of the coward, the faith- 
less, the procrastinator, who were taken captives, and 
whose burdens were increased in rigour by their tyran- 
nizing task-masters, in proportion to every successive 
submission to their sway. I heard their bitter wailings 
on this wise : " woe is me, the harvest is over, the 
summer ended, and we are not gathered." 

Here I beheld Drunkenness ; he had fearful fangs, 
barbed at the ends. When he had fairly laid hold of 
any one he rarely ever let him escape ; at least not 
without tearing the flesh from the bone, and leaving 
visible marks that he had once been victorious. He 
stood the most formidable upon the list of Vices, be- 
cause renowned for strength, and cheerful hilarity. He 
had the greatest number of evils in his train, and treat- 
ed his unhappy, deluded captives, with the most de- 
grading insolence, obliging some to act the part of de- 
moniacs, others of fools and idiots, stripping them of 
every thing valuable they possessed, health, wealth, 
reputation ; and utterly laid waste every talent that 
rendered them pleasing, useful, or beloved. This Vice 
was regarded with the greatest abhorrence, when seen 
the companion and familiar associate of another ; but 
he had the artifice to make each one believe, as it re- 
spected himself, that he had no other design than to 



182 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

serve him, by removing some physical complaint, 
lightening the toil of labour, giving respite to sorrow 
and inquietude of mind, inspiring cheerfulness, vivacity 
and wit, or granting a harmless indulgence of appetite, 
and other such kindly offices. When any or all of 
these were accomplished, he would leave them to be 
their own masters. Thus did the monster allure many 
into his foul grasp, and despoil them of Virtue, who 
might have shone conspicuously among the praise- 
worthy. 

dvarice held tremendous sway, and was not wanting 
in insinuation and address. He could couch the great- 
est inconsistencies under the specious pretext of pro- 
viding things convenient, and had the art to make the 
transaction smooth and easy between laudable endea- 
vours and inordinate cravings ; so that none but Virtue 
and Morality could precisely fix the boundaries between 
them. He wore a disguise, and seldom owned his 
proper name, but assumed those of Economy, Pru- 
dence, Needful Care, &c. But under whatever name 
or disguise he appeared, he ever bore an indelible 
mark of his identity, by his readiness to accommodate 
those who were enlisted in his service with plausible 
excuses for withholding the needful supplies from the 
poor and the destitute. Under pretext of getting his 
own, he would stoop to tear the tattered rags from the 
limbs of meagre Want, and grasp the morsel from his 
hungry jaws : nay, he was so preposterous, that he 
would often rob himself of convenient food and rai- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 183 

ment, and cast the gains thereof into fast bound chests 
and coffers, where it was useless to himself and others. 
His body was stuck all over with tenter-hooks, which 
seldom failed to take a bit out of every one who came 
within their reach. His influence over the human 
family was known by this criterion : the things of this 
world, and how to attain them, ever preponderated in 
their thoughts, and however disinterested their actions 
appeared to a casual observer, yet every critical inves- 
tigation into the labyrinth of the human mind, could 
detect Avarice planning some advantages for them. 

Pride was another mighty chieftain. He assumed 
a high, majestic air, carried his head aloft, and stepped 
forth with state and arrogance to support his imaginary 
dignity and importance. He formed devices, coined 
tinsels, cut out honours, titles, and distinctions of va- 
rious sorts and sizes, built air castles, and vanquished 
creation to obtain plumes and feathers. Of all the 
Vices, none appeared more busy than he, nor more 
elevated when things prospered according to his wishes, 
but none more mortified and miserable upon a disap- 
pointment. The loss of a feather, or a compliment, 
would render him very unhappy, and he would bitterly 
bewail till some new object started some new enter- 
prise. Like a ship upon the unfathomed ocean, he was 
either towering to the clouds, or sinking into the 
gloomy caverns of despair. He created innumerable 
wants, and employed many to encompass them. There 
was no cell so dark or sequestered that he could not 



184 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

penetrate, nor any department in life, either political, 
social, or religious, that he did not enter. To secure 
vassals, he suited himself to each one's natural turn 
and disposition, and no one was exempt from his 
temptations ; but being of low extraction, it was no un- 
common thing to see him walking hand-in-hand with 
Meanness. 

Wrath, Revenge, Hatred, and Envy, who were in- 
deed dreadful Furies, obliged those they conquered to 
feed on their own vitals. They formed instruments of 
war ; Death followed in their train, and with the assist- 
ance of Pride and Avarice laid the foundations of Hell. 

Hypocrisy was of all the Vices the most ridiculous ; 
pretending to be one of Virtue's train, he openly kept 
the other evils at a distance, but by secret intrigues with 
them, he had so imbibed their likeness and defects, that 
he had scarcely a perfect limb or feature, and by often 
changing his complexion to suit circumstances, became 
such an incoherent mixture of divers colours blended, 
that he was the most disagreeable figure imaginable. 
He wore too faces, the one white, the other black, one 
leg was shorter than the other, and in order to supply 
the deficiency and make his gait uniform, he occasion- 
ally used a stilt ; each eye looked a different way, but 
that he might not appear to look amiss, he caused a 
wonderful cross to be erected, and with an engraving 
tool inscribed it all over with religious devices, so 
that take him in what attitude you would, his eye 
seemed directed thereto. This was a mischievous 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 185 

stratagem, at which the Supreme Governor of the Uni- 
verse was greatly offended, and annexed to it a double 
portion of suffering. Being sensible of his own native 
deformity, he provided a mask, modelled after the 
similitude of Virtue ; this he generally wore, whereby 
many were deceived, and not scrutinizing closely, 
thought him one of Virtue's train. But it was impossi- 
ble to contrive it so that it would not every now and 
then fall off, and so detect the cheat. He would gladly 
have had a cloak large enough to cover his whole body 
at once, but in the nature of things this could not be 
come at, and being accoutred in one too short and scant 
for his purposes, he was kept continually busy pulling 
it this way and that, but still some part of his form was 
uncovered, so that it cost him more pains to hide what 
he was, than would have made him what he wished to 
appear to be. 

Lying was a detestable Vice, and knowing himself 
despised by most, he endeavoured to hide himself and 
do execution unseen. Being of a low and servile cast, 
he was often employed as a servant to the other Vices, 
and accomplished many mischiefs. Sometimes he 
gained ascendancy over people who would not deign to 
hold communion with so despicable a Vice for the sake 
of gain or to do another an injury , but owing to the fertility 
of their imaginations, a redundancy of ideas was pro- 
duced, and not setting a guard upon the door of their 
lips, they flew out of their mouths helter skelter, ex- 
hibiting a wonderful train of incredibles, marvellous 
17 



186 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

stories &c. just to excite admiration. Lying and De- 
traction were great cronies, and frequently were seen 
walking hand-in-hand with each other. 

Detraction was of the Fairy tribe, low and light in 
stature and of dark complexion. By magic he could 
follow persons unseen, and like a snake in the grass, 
vent his venom upon them undiscovered: his malig- 
nant qualities lay in his tongue, he had the longest ears 
of any other creature in nature, which he could turn 
every way. He had prying eyes that could peep through 
the smallest cranny and see what was going forward. 
He also had a wonderful repository of visionary mate- 
rials, such as sounds, shadows, and representations ; 
which, mixing with grosser substances collected from 
mud pools, sinks, scavengry, &c. he blew over the face 
of creation with the aid of an air gun ; and it was no 
uncommon sight to see those ill-looking sprites flitting 
about in every direction, to the no small annoyance and 
detriment of many. There were some people who, 
when they could lay hands upon them, bound them 
and put them into strong hold and prisons, but in the 
general they were too much indulged, particularly by 
those who had neglected to store their minds with ma- 
terials for innocent and useful conversation ; to these, 
unless silence were observed, the ill-contrived Imps 
would find means to introduce themselves and fill up 
the void, and their influence when obtained, tarnished 
the fairest complexion, which strongly urged the neces- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 187 

sity of guarding every pass whereby they might gain 
access into company or conversation. 

Profane Swearing was an ugly Vice, and though he 
neither promised nor gave his votaries either pleasure 
or profit, (his recompense being a very trifling gratifi- 
cation,) yet he gained an ascendant over many, and 
where he -was seen, I was sure the other Vices were 
not far off. 

Ambition was of no mean extraction, and always 
went on tiptoe. When he wanted to encompass a mat- 
ter out of his reach, he raised artificial ground, which 
sometimes enabled him to extend his arms a vast 
height. His head' and eyes were continually turned 
upward, which often occasioned giddiness. As he stood 
tottering, he frequently fell ; and Disappointment (who 
was almost his inseparable companion) would deride 
and intercept his towering aim. Such continued his 
propensity to be looking and reaching upward, that he 
seldom desisted whilst there was any ground left for 
him to stand upon. He allured many by fair promises 
into his train ; but he was a hard master, seldom re- 
warding his dependants according to the difficulty they 
encountered, or the promises he made them. 

Servility was of small stature, of a mixed complex- 
ion, short-sighted and somewhat paralytic. He was 
mostly seen in a cringing posture : when he came into 
the presence of his superiors, from whom he expected 
honour or advantage, he would bend himself to the 
very earth, and was remarkably obsequious ; but when 



188 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

in company with his supposed inferiors he was super- 
cilious ; he was always seen associating with the other 
Vices. 

Melancholy was clothed in black ; at the first view 
I could not determine to what order of beings she be- 
longed : she did not appear to be a fit inhabitant for any 
region : and not till I had surveyed her abode, could I 
say whether she most resembled the Virtues or the 
Vices. Her dwelling-place was surrounded by thick 
gloomy shades of discontent, and closed against the 
light and benedictions of Heaven, by barring the doors. 
Some faint rays, however, were admitted through a se- 
cret window, with iron grates, which just served to show 
the dust and disorder of her room. She appeared, at 
times, inclined to entertain the Virtues, but first meta- 
morphosed and dressed them according to her fancy, and 
stamped their countenances agreeably to her humour, 
which rendered them scarcely distinguishable as belong- 
ing to that amiable and illustrious.family, which caused 
many to shun their acquaintance, as destructive to happi- 
ness. Upon a nearer search into her apartment, I found 
some or other of the Vices lurking in almost every by- 
place, which she made no efforts to expel, but rather 
cherished and fed. I also discovered that Divine Love, 
Humility, and Resignation, were her greatest enemies, 
and had they been suffered to enter her habitation, would 
have terminated her existence. This at once determined 
the matter — that she belonged to the Vices. 

I beheld another Vice, who carried in one hand a 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 189 

torch, that had been lighted by the flames of Hell, and 
was blown by the bellows of the foulest Fiend, which 
caused the blackness of disgrace wherever it came. In 
the other hand he held a poniard, which he struck 
through the hearts of his victims. 

There were other Vices, such as Camelions, Apes, 
Foxes, Crockadiles, Snakes^ Owls, Bats, and Spiders ; 
Centaurs, and the bodies of people united to hogs, dogs, 
mules, &c. were moving about in all directions ; some 
were so subtle as to transform themselves into different 
shapes at will. 

I observed some who had combated and overcome 
the more formidable Vices, that were preyed upon by 
the smaller tribes, whereby their strength, bloom, and 
beauty were destroyed, their substance wasted, and 
they reduced to mere anatomies and dwarfs. I also 
saw at the heels of every Vice a chain, which he en- 
deavoured to conceal, but I was determined to see to 
the end of it. Here I discovered an object still more 
horrible than the Vices, who was bound to this chain 
by an indissoluble link ; at least, no mortal could undo 
it. Those who had cause to fear him, evinced great 
alarm when they found themselves near him. I asked 
by what name he was called, and was told it was Pu? 
nishment. 

I must not omit to mention another Spirit that was 
going to and fro in the earth, and walking up and down 
in it. Wherever the Virtues met together, he seldom 

failed to present himself along with them, though often 

17* 



190 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

repulsed with scorn and indignation. He was a sly, in- 
sinuating, enterprising spirit, employed as the last stra- 
tagem of the Grand Adversary, to lay waste Virtue. 
He seldom attempted to attack any but the virtuous, 
and the more eminent in this respect, the more closely 
they were pursued and beset by him. The artifice 
whereby he gained his point was to trill soft music, 
and gently whisper soothing delightful encomiums into 
their ears, occasioning a pleasing sensation after they 
had done a worthy action, had witnessed the fervours 
of devotion, received spiritual gifts and graces, or had 
foiled the Vices. If he gained admittance in this seem- 
ingly innocent way, he grew bolder, and persuaded 
them that they were the peculiar favourites of Heaven, 
as were some of old ; that the Lord conferred favours 
and blessings upon them because they were deserving. 
He next induced a belief that all they had was their 
own ; that they could maintain it against all opposition ; 
and thus becoming confident and secure, they gradu- 
ally declined from a constant reliance upon the only 
Fountain of all good, in which case Divine Wisdom 
was pleased to withdraw his bounties, and leave them 
for a time destitute of those favours upon which they 
valued themselves. When this did not bring them to 
a sense of their own insufficiency, and nothingness, he 
suffered some of the Vices to exercise dominion over 
them, till they became convinced they were no longer 
safe or worthy of spiritual favours than whilst their de- 
pendance was only and alone upon God, and they the 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 191 

objects of his forgiving love and mercy rather than of 
merit. When it so fell out that this Spirit gained the 
victory, he soon discovered marks of tyranny and in- 
justice, by stripping his vanquished of all their perma- 
nent honours and rewards, and substituting those that 
were superficial. Though he allowed some the free 
exercise of their virtuous deeds, yet he tarnished them 
with a dark hue, and occasioned the brightest gold to 
become dim. In other instances, he stripped them of 
their beauty, dignity and influence, dragged them in 
triumph at his chariot wheel, and then consigned them 
over to the Vices. Upon observing the mien of this 
Spirit, he walked with the same rectitude as the Vir- 
tues, prayed oft, gave alms, and was adorned with many 
beautiful ornaments, such as neighbourly kindness, 
industry, frugality, generosity, &c, and could he have 
counted the mystical number seven, might have been a 
Virtue, but he only amounted up to " six hundred three 
score and six, and what was wanting could not be num- 
bered." I queried why he was not a Virtue, and was 
told the grace of Humility was lacking ; that he was 
continually ascribing to himself that which was alone 
due to the Creator, and coveting his attributes. 

This dangerous enemy was called Spiritual Pride. 
I cannot describe the earnest solicitude I felt for the 
fate of poor mortals, on beholding so many detesta- 
ble, artful, dangerous creatures, all in eager pursuit to 
make them their prey. My conductors observing this 
in my countenance, were pleased to enlarge my vision. 



192 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

To be thus pursued and tempted, they assured me, was 
the unvaried lot of every mortal, till the root of evil, 
whence the Vices draw their sustenance, be withered 
and taken away from the heart. To effect this was the 
unceasing purpose of the Great Father of all ; hence, 
he had compounded in a large vessel, an exceedingly 
bitter drink, called Tribulation, and so great was his 
love to mankind, that he sent the only Son of his 
bosom to partake thereof, who in all respects was like 
unto us, (sin excepted.) He underwent all the temp- 
tations and sufferings to which mortals are liable, set- 
ting us an example of perfection, and inviting all who 
would be his disciples to follow his footsteps; and 
after leaving many excellent precepts and doctrines, he 
suffered an ignominious death upon the cross by the 
hands of sinners. But he arose again, leading captivity 
captive, and dispensing the gifts and graces of his spi- 
rit to man, whereby he may become a joint heir with 
him in his Father's Kingdom, where he sits a continual 
High Priest, to make intercession for the forgiveness of 
our sins. Of this drink there still remains a portion for 
mankind to partake, that, like him, they might be made 
perfect through suffering, and have fellowship with him 
in the path he trod, which only leads to glory. 

To every one was given a cup, some larger, some 
smaller, by a hand, to many invisible at the time, but 
to me it was then plain and bare, in which he dealt 
out portions according to the size of the cups, with 
the most exact impartial economy, and by a combina- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 193 

tion of second causes and secret impulses that few 
could see through or understand, he obliged each one 
to drink in the measure assigned. When this dispen- 
sation was administered, great complaints and lamenta- 
tions resounded from every quarter ; some boldly in- 
veighed against Providence as the author of their mise- 
ries ; others ascribed all to chance, or accident, to this or 
that occurence, or to this and the other person, or they 
should not have had the bitter draught to drink. I ob- 
served that though the refractory appeared to drink 
largely, yet their portions were very little diminished ; 
numbers endeavoured by their own contrivances to 
avoid taking any, which occasioned their share to be 
greater, and far more bitter, than if they had submitted 
to an overruling Providence ; whilst those who took 
the cup as primarily coming from the Divine hand, and 
designed to extirpate the root of evil within, and to re- 
fine their virtue, often had it replenished with a refresh- 
ing draught, called Divine Consolation, which made 
the other much more palatable. Nay, some were so 
sensible of the salutary effects of Tribulation, that they 
cheerfully partook thereof, and were desirous never to 
be without a share, till the gracious designs of Him, 
who had appointed it, were fully accomplished. 

Patience followed Tribulation, attended by Resigna- 
tion and Fortitude, whose benign influences disposed 
the mind for the instruction of Experience. 

Experience advanced slowly forward, carrying in 
one hand a scourge with many lashes, in the other lie 



194 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

held a book of useful lessons, which he read to those 
who were willing to listen to him. To give the more 
force to his precepts, he opened a door into an Infir- 
mary, containing the Miserables, commonly attendants 
of Vice. Here were Poverty, Shame, Contempt, Sick 
ness, Pain, Debility, Misanthropy, Remorse, and num 
bers more I could not name. On the other hand 
he portrayed the attendants and progeny of Virtue 
Among them I discovered Peace, Competency, Health 
Joy, Love, Philanthropy, True Greatness, Honour 
and Dignity. But notwithstanding the forcible lectures 
and striking examples communicated, many remained 
infatuated and insensible to their true interest, regard- 
ing none of these things further than they were en- 
forced by his scourge. Whilst they felt the smart they 
would promise amendment, but when stripes were re- 
mitted, they forgot, grew careless, and violated their 
engagement. But if ever they embraced Virtue, it was 
more through fear of the scourge, than from the genu- 
ine love thereof. However acceptable these might be 
to the Supreme Being I could not then determine ; but 
certainly they were not followers of the pure and ex- 
alted race of Virtues. 

There were others who stood the tyranny of the 
Vices, and the bitter lashings of Experience, with 
amazing insensibility, but their end was without hope. 

To many and various states, Experience administered 
suitable instruction ; but there were others that he ap- 
peared to spare, who were much given up to follow the 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 195 

Vices ; at least whatever hidden inquietudes they might 
suffer, they were not visible to common observation ; 
they prospered, and accomplished with ease, schemes 
and purposes which the worthier than they scarcely 
attained through much difficulty. Their wealth in- 
creased, and they reigned as kings and princes on the 
earth. Thus Fortune, blind to the merits or demerits 
of her favourites, frequently bestowed worldly power, 
riches, and preferment upon the cruel, the proud, the 
covetous, and the ignorant, who employed them to no 
good purpose. They added house to house, and field 
to field, hoarded up useless ore for usury and extortion, 
or squandered it in supporting needless state, pleasure, 
and dissipation, and in strengthening the sinews of Vice 
and Immorality, according to their several turns and 
dispositions ; whilst Real Merit was often left to strug- 
gle with many difficulties, and her ability not made 
commensurate with her will to aid in deeds of utility, 
in giving hands to Industry, drying up the tear of 
Misfortune, causing Poverty to smile, and ministering 
liberty to the slave groaning under oppression. 

However intrinsically vain and worthless worldly 
power, riches, and preferments are, yet divers examples 
evince that the abuse thereof is highly offensive to 
God, and punishable by him. Sacred History confirms 
this in the case of the great King Nebuchadnezzar, who 
had power and wealth in abundance, but he magnified 
himself, and respected not the bountiful Giver, and 
being warned in a dream of the punishment that would 



196 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MA.SON. 

follow unless he broke off his sins by righteousness, and 
his transgressions by showing mercy to the poor. He 
disregarded the Divine admonition : hence the chasten- 
ing hand of the Lord was laid heavily upon him, until 
he was brought to acknowledge that the Most High 
ruled in the kingdoms of men. 

Haman possessed all that Ambition could aspire to, 
beneath Sovereignty, but it availed not to satisfy him, 
whilst the inflexibly upright Mordecai sat at the king's 
gate, and refused to bend before him, or natter his insa- 
tiable thirst for renown : but mark the sequel ! he was 
doomed to meet the same ignominious fate he had 
designed for Mordecai. 

Dr. Young, addressing himself to a popular man, 
says, 

" But great your name — To feed on air, 
Were then immortals born ? 
Nothing is great, of which more great 
More glorious is the scorn." 

The danger of more secret commendations ; the gen- 
tie insinuations of well-concerted flattery, the necessity 
of barring the ear against it, and of chaining the imagi- 
nation, which is apt to suck in the delicious poison, to 
the firm mast of truth and sober reason, is beautifully 
set forth by Homer in the account he gives of the voyage 
of Ulysses, and the dangers he sustained in returning 
from the wars of Troy to his native land, where Circe 
is represented as giving him the following prophetic 






MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 197 

warning against the Island of the Syrens or flatterers, 
and the way to avoid it. 

" Next where the Syrens dwell, you plough the seas, 
Their song is death and makes destruction please ; 
Unbless'd the man whom music wins to stay, 
Nigh the curst shore, and listen to their lay." 

****** 



" Fly swift the dang'rous coast, let every ear 
Be stopped against the song — its death to hear; 
Firm to the mast with chains thyself be bound, 
Nor trust thy virtue'to the enchanting sound." 

My next view was a curtain extended, and I heard 
from behind it a medley of voices as from a mixed mul- 
titude. Being desirous to know the cause, I made 
signs to a sentinel whom I saw standing before it, to 
draw it aside that I might see what was going on ; but 
he told me it was the curtain of Death, and seldom 
raised to discover the secrets there, in order to gratify 
human curiosity ; that I must first pass through his gate 
to which he pointed. I turned toward it and saw num- 
bers going in, but none coming out. I said I had often 
mused upon future scenes, and thought if he would 
gratify me with a prospect, I should not make an ill use 
of the indulgence. With a smile of benignity, he then 
drew the curtain partly aside, and my human organs 
being too weak to take in the sights before me, and the 
sounds I heard so as to understand them clearly, a Di- 
vine Agent placed in my hands a perspective glass and 
18 



198 MEMOIRS OP SUSANNA MASON. 

an ear-trumpet, which enabled me to discern objects 
and distinguish sounds distinctly. Thus fitted, I looked 
forward and beheld the most busy scenes imaginable. 
A vast concourse of people of all ranks, callings, and 
conditions, engaged in their respective employments, 
amusements, and recreations. Here were nobility, 
gentry, statesmen, politicians, civil and military officers, 
star-gazers, professors of science, scriveners and scrib- 
blers, merchants, brokers, misers, some hoarding money 
into coffers, some counting it out for usary. Here also 
were superstitious worshippers, husbandmen, mechan- 
ics of all trades, smokers, snuffers and chewers of to- 
bacco, horse-racers, card-players, gamblers of all sorts, 
dancers, singers, musicians of divers kinds, slight-of- 
hand workers, dressers before looking-glasses, play- 
actors, formal visiters, epicures and pursuers of every 
kind of sensual pleasure, all occupied in their several 
avocations. Whatever was necessary, or they desired, 
was immediately given them. I began to think their 
situation a very tolerable one, but still there was some- 
thing ominous of ill ; every countenance was impressed 
in striking features with despair and misery. I soon 
discovered that each one was followed by a grim, fierce, 
unrelenting figure, armed with a sharp pointed scourge, 
and when any seemed inclined to relax his business or 
pursuit, whatever it was, he was immediately urged on 
by the lashes of this despotic attendant. 

I was at a loss to account for this strange appearance 
of things, and why there was so much hurry and bus- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 199 

tie in the region of Death. The Divine Agent, before 
mentioned, then informed me, that whatever it was, 
whether lawful or unlawful, that had robbed God of his 
due and right of pre-eminence in the mind and affec- 
tions in this present life, all that they had chosen and 
deliberately persisted in till Death had dissolved the 
earthly covering contrary to the monitions of truth 
witnessed in themselves, and to the warnings of God's 
faithful servants and messengers sent to recall them from 
their wanderings, was now given them in full measure, 
as a just reward for their works. And not having che- 
rished any thing suited to their immortal nature, which 
nothing but immortal substance can satisfy, therefore, 
as a necessary consequence of their improvidence, such 
souls must suffer the most exquisite sensations of hun- 
ger, thirst, nakedness, and penury, without receiving 
any mitigation from Hope's cordial draught, which 
often sweetens the bitter cup of human probation. The 
tyrannic spirits which pursued and lashed them on 
now, were the very same evil geniuses that had fol- 
lowed them on earth, urging them into their several 
tracks, and which they might have resisted and con- 
quered had they applied for strength in time ; but hav- 
ing submitted to their yoke, they were still the most 
arbitrary and severe tyrants over them. 

Here I made a solemn pause, and closely inspected 
myself, whether any thing occupied my thoughts and 
desires, and usurped that place in my affections which 
was due to God only ; and though sensible of my weak- 



200 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

nesses and wanderings of mind, I could say, with Eli- 
zabeth Rowe, "If I love thee not, what do I love?" 
and with tears I besought his mercy, that he would not 
suffer my portion to be with those that forget him. 

Casting my eyes toward the two-leaved gate of Death, 
I observed that after the Judge had examined some of 
them and announced of what class they were, they 
were immediately arrested by the most terrifying 
figure I ever beheld, who hurried them away to a place 
where the focus of my glass was not calculated to ex- 
tend, but I perceived a great smoke and heard blasphe- 
mous words issuing therefrom. But there was a num- 
ber who passed through the gate that remained within 
my ken ; among whom I observed a class whose minds 
at the time of their departure from their earthly man- 
sions, did not appear to be engaged in any of the avoca- 
tions and pleasures before mentioned. They sat apart 
by themselves, ruminating upon the cross occurrences, 
and disappointments incident to human life, till they 
became the very denizens of woe. Their only enjoy- 
ment was in sorrow, to which they clung with unshaken 
tenacity, and unthankfully and ungratefully brooded 
over their calamities, either in silence or in venting 
fruitless complaints, murmurings and impatience. — 
Among these were divers suicides, who had made their 
exit from Time, in hopes that Death would relieve them 
from their misery. But Death had no such prerogative, 
and they were left to the unmolested exercise of those 
gloomy dispositions which they had willed and persist- 






MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 201 

ed in. Here I called to mind a visit, which (according 
to Homer) Ulysses paid to the regions of the dead, 
where meeting with his mother's shade he thus accost- 
ed it; 

" But when thy soul from her sweet mansion fled, 
Say what distemper gave thee to the dead ? 
Has life's fair lamp declined by slow decays, 
Or swift expired it in a sudden blaze 1" 

To whom the Shade replied, 

" For thee my son I wept my life away ; 
For thee through Hell's eternal region stray ; 
Nor came my fate by ling'ring pains and slow, 
Nor bent the silver-shafled queen her bow. 
No dire disease bereft me of my breath, 
Thou, thou, my son, wert my disease and death ; 
Unkindly with my love, my son conspired, 
For thee I lived, for absent thee expired." 

The next thing which arrested my attention was a 
company who were busied by themselves, because they 
could not carry on their contrivances without the aid of 
each other. Foremost in their ranks stood an Artificer 
forming likenesses, as nearly as could be, of various 
meats, sauces, delicious wines, fine flavoured fruit, &c. 
which were made up of wind, bitter ashes, and poison- 
ous particles, fashioned according to models that he 
carried in his own brain and polished agreeably to his 
own inventive faculty. Next in order of succession, 
followed a company composed generally of the idle and 

degenerate part of mankind, who personated Kings, 

18* 



202 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

Queens, Lords, Ladies, Gentlemen, &c. Lastly, fol- 
lowed a great number of people of both sexes. Every 
needful apparatus being made for the exhibition of a 
specious entertainment, the guests were admitted by 
virtue of a ticket which they had purchased of those 
mock nobility and gentry. It was wonderful to see the 
multitudes that flocked to the feast, with all the eager- 
ness of desire and expectation, when they knew before- 
hand that it was all sham work ; but seating themselves 
at the table, the masters and mistresses of the ceremony 
dispensed the food with much parade, intermixed with 
many compliments, which the guests with the same 
kind of politeness praised. They commended the 
cooks, the skill of the confectioners, the meats were 
excellent, and extolled the wine and the fruit, upon 
which regaling heartily, they declared they were ex- 
ceedingly refreshed. When this sham and mockery 
was over, the Genius (who had all this time been 
standing by with scourge in hand to see that the whole 
was performed according to due order,) took them two 
and two, and some by dozens, entertainers and guests, 
and yoked them together, for which he assigned no 
other reason than that the former could not subsist 
without the latter, who wished to uphold them, and 
this had to be done in person, for here there was no 
doing any thing by proxy. Moreover there was a cap 
with a turkey's feather in it, given to the Legislature as 
a reward for its indulgence to this class of people which 
had to be alternately worn by those who compose that 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 203 

body. What appeared singular, the Genius who pre- 
sided over them, yoked as companions the most opposite 
characters ; a man of honour with a thief, an economist 
with a ruined spend-thrift, a prude with a libertine, high 
blood and rank with the offspring of beggars, idle 
vagrants with people of honest callings. This was a 
mortifying piece of vagary, but if they were refractory, 
to work went the scourge. Thus bound, they were 
made to parade backward and forward through the won- 
dering throng, and when they were sufficiently exposed, 
they were turned back to the place of rendezvous there 
in continual repetition to go through the same mockery. 
I also saw another company, who were mostly gen- 
teel, high looking people. When they went through 
the gate, many of them produced credentials of their 
generosity and good acts. They were met by a Min- 
ister of Justice bearing a pair of scales ; upon exam- 
ining their hands and foreheads he found inscribed 
thereon : " blood guilty man-stealing, injustice and op- 
pression ;" whereat he cried aloud : " this iniquity 
cannot be purged with burnt-offerings nor sacrifice, 
but such measure as ye have meted shall be measured 
to you four times told." Accordingly they were strip- 
ped of their decent clothing and ornaments, without 
respect to persons, clad in the coarse habiliments of 
negro slaves, and given up to the power of those over 
whom they had once tyrannized. These, exulting in 
their reversed situation, with unrelenting hearts dis- 
pensed to them the same measure which they had 



204 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

received, four times told. Thus was fulfilled the pro- 
phecy of Isaiah : "They shall take them captive whose 
captives they were, and they shall rule over their op- 
pressors." xiv. 2. 

It would take a volume to relate the cruel sufferings 
that I saw many undergo, though some were treated 
with more lenity than others ; but stripes, hunger, 
thirst, pain, labour, weariness, and angry threats, were 
the most common lot. 

Humanity turned from the sight, and melted into 
tears of commiseration and pity. 

But Divine Justice cannot sleep for ever. It must 
awaken, sooner or later, to render a just recompense 
and retribution to the oppressor, and to give rest to the 
oppressed from their " sorrow, and from the fear, and 
from the hard bondage wherein they were made to 
serve." Isaiah, xiv. 3. 

Gladly now would they have exchanged situations 
with the most abject slave upon earth ; but having re- 
fused to listen to the calls of justice and humanity, 
whilst time and opportunity were afforded, the Divine 
sentence must be fulfilled upon them, till they had paid 
the utmost farthing in a four-fold proportion. 

Those who had trafficked in the fruits of the labour 
of this oppressed people, or had made use of their spoil, 
were sentenced to repay it in the same manner. 

Many of these unhappy sufferers appeared deeply 
concerned on account of others still in the same iniqui- 
tous practice which had sealed their doom of misery ; 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 205 

and upon conferring together, agreed to request the 
Minister of Justice that he would send one of their for- 
mer slaves to warn them of their danger, and inform 
them of their destiny, lest they also should come to a 
like ignominious punishment ; but he replied, " they 
have their own natural understandings as men, which if 
they were not wilfully and obstinately blind, would 
teach them, that it is out of the Divine order and har- 
mony for one human being to oppress another ; they 
have the mind of truth inwardly revealed, which in- 
structs to do justly, to love mercy, and walk hum- 
bly before God ; they have the doctrines and precepts 
of Christ, the Saviour, which command : ' do unto all 
men as you would they should do unto you ,' they 
have a Woolman, a Benezet, a Clarkson, a Mifflin, and 
many more, some of whom, ' being dead, yet speak ;' 
let them hear them ; if they will not hear them, neither 
will they be persuaded though one were to rise from 
the dead." 

The sentinel, seeing my frail nature no longer able 
to sustain the view, arose and closed the curtain. 

I then asked him if I might not see the place and 
state of those who had died in favour with God ? but he 
told me, as I was still encompassed with human frailty, 
it was not meet to unfold so glorious a prospect, lest I 
should desire the gift more than the Giver, the beati- 
tude more than the Beatifler ; but I might rest assured, 
" that eye hath not seen, ear heard, neither hath it en- 
tered into the heart of man to conceive the good things 



206 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

which the Lord hath in store for those who truly love 
and serve him." I then remembered Experience, and 
how he was employed when I left him. Though he is 
mostly slow in his operations, yet, with the most inde- 
fatigable pains and industry, he had repeated lesson 
after lesson, the same many times over ; precept after 
precept, and correction after correction, till he had 
brought many, of whom I had little hope, to a sense of 
the error of their ways, and of their miserable condi- 
tion under the tyranny of the Vices ; and finding them- 
selves covered with wounds, bruises, and putrefying 
sores, were desirous to be healed. 

Experience, after faithfully discharging the trust re- 
posed in him, introduced Hope to them, who pointed 
to the Physician of Value. He, in tender compassion, 
administered relief, healed their maladies, and cheered 
them with his loving kindness. But with some, who 
were not continually on the alert, to detect the approach 
of their enemies, the conflict with the Vices had been 
prolonged till the afternoon or evening of their day. 
Their bloom, beauty and strength were nearly ex- 
hausted, their faculties impaired and their senses be- 
numbed, insomuch that they now had nothing left for 
Virtue and Literature, but the refuse of time and talents, 
which at best are but as the lame and blind offerings, 
rejected under the law, but under the more merciful 
dispensation of the Gospel, are accepted, so far as to 
obtain forgiveness and remission of sins, through Christ, 
the Mediator. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 207 

Had those delinquents and abusers of Divine munifi- 
cence offered up their time and talents in the morning 
of their day, whilst endued with animation and vigour, 
to the noble purposes for which they were given, they 
might have been distinguished as stars of bright magni- 
tude, upon the rolls of virtuous and literary fame, and 
their names been transmitted to posterity with just en- 
comiums and deserved praise ; whereas their only hope 
is, to escape infamy and punishment, and to experience 
the wonders of forgiving love : content that (as to time) 
the grave should hide their remembrance in lasting 
oblivion. 

When I awoke from my reverie and recovered my 
recollection, I remembered four promising plants that I 
had nurtured from their earliest growth, till the suns 
from eight to fourteen years had so far matured them ; 
and I became increasingly solicitous to dig and enrich 
the soil about their roots, to direct the tender twigs as 
they put forth, to assist with care and caution the gra- 
dual unfoldings of each promising blossom, and to prune 
away superfluous and pernicious shoots. In the ar- 
dency of desire that I might be enabled to discharge 
the trust committed to me, and that the guardian angel 
of the Divine presence might encamp round about them, 
and preserve them within the sacred enclosures of truth, 
that so no devouring beast of prey, no cankering sin 
might strip them of their lovely foliage, wound their 
blossoms, blast my hopes and rising comforts, and ren- 
der thern unfruitful to God ; my prayers ascended to 



208 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

the Most High in the following ejaculation, as nearly 
borrowed from the Wisdom of Solomon : 

Oh, God of my fathers, and Lord of mercy, who 
hast made all things with thy word ! give me wisdom 
that sitteth by thy Throne, and reject me not from thy 
children : for I, thy servant and handmaid, am a feeble 
person and of short time, and of my own ability have 
no understanding : for though we be never so perfect 
among the children of men, yet if thy wisdom be not 
w-ith us, we shall be nothing regarded. And thou hav- 
ing placed me head of a family, and given me sons and 
daughters, and commanded me to walk circumspectly 
before them, to teach them thy laws and to direct 
them in the way that is pleasing to thee ; oh ! send thy 
wisdom out of the holy Heavens and from the Throne 
of thy glory, that being present, she may labour with 
me, that I may know what is pleasing unto thee ; for 
she knoweth and understandeth all things, and she shall 
lead me soberly in my doings, and preserve me in her 
power. So shall my works be acceptable, and I shall 
be found worthy to sit in the seat of my predecessors, 
who have borne thy name and supported thy testi- 
mony. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 209 



ON THE MINISTRY. 

*' In the discharge of the trust reposed in her as an 
Elder of the Church, she felt herself bound to ad- 
dress a few remarks to a friend respecting the min- 
istry, of which the subjoined is an extract." 

The exercise of thy gift, when among us, threw me 
into some serious reflections respecting the ministry. 

I was led, according to my measure, to sympathize 
in the tried path, which, I believe, often falls to the lot 
of those who are called into that line of service ; and I 
was ready to query, why, in the wisdom and goodness 
of Providence, it should be, that the creatures of his 
forming hand who have in good measure submitted to 
his renovating power, are resigned to do his will, and 
ardently desirous of fulfilling to the best of their ability 
the task assigned them upon earth, should, in the per- 
formance of their apprehended duty, mistake, err, and 
do what at the time is not required of them. But this 
is the case, I charitably believe, having known some- 
thing of it in my own experience. 

Whether a more consistent reason can be given I 
cannot say? but to me it appears owing to the natural 
activity of the creature. This activity may be so re- 
fined as scarcely to be distinguished (except by the 

Mystical eye and ear) that it is creaturely. Thus it 
19 



210 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

may be with us, even whilst the six days' creation is 
spiritually carrying on, and the lights placed in the 
heavens for ruling the day and the night (revelation 
and enlightened reason) shine with considerable bright- 
ness, until we come to the seventh day's experience, 
wherein we witness a rest from all our own activity 
and conceivings, and the soul comes to sit empty and 
motionless before God, having no other consciousness 
than our own nothingness and the all of God. This 
Sabbath of rest, I believe it highly needful for all who 
are accounted the salt of the earth to press after, more 
especially those to whom is committed a dispensation 
of gospel tidings to declare unto others. 

From my own experience, I believe, where any un- 
dertake to promulgate gospel precepts, or to judge of 
gospel truths, their suitableness as to time, place, <fcc. 
who do not measurably witness from season to season 
this Sabbath of rest, (though ever so filled with zeal 
and ardour to be doing good,) never get further than 
the chambers of imagery, where every form of creeping 
things, abominable beasts, and idols of the house of 
Israel, are portrayed upon the wall. Their understand- 
ing and spiritual discernment may be so enlightened as 
to see the states and vices of the people in their native 
deformity and ugliness ; they may even see what the 
ancients of the house of Israel do in the dark in their 
chambers of imagery. These they may truly perceive 
and declare ; but to apply the gospel remedy, the holy 
baptism, belongs only to those, who being fitly pre- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 211 

pared, have received the Divine commission, " go 
teach and baptise." Unless something of this baptising 
power and influence attend preaching, I believe neither 
preacher nor hearer is much, if any the better. 

I have sometimes thought I could discern lines of 
agreement between a rightly qualified minister of 
Christ in sounding the gospel trumpet, and the golden 
censor, which, upon the opening of the seventh seal, 
was said to be in the angel's hand, which is the true 
incense, the smoke thereof coming with the prayers of 
the saints, ascend up before God. This censor being 
filled with fire from off the golden altar which is before 
God, and cast into the earth, occasions voices, thunder- 
ings, lightnings, and earthquakes, among the inhabi- 
tants of the earth : or great inward stirring and com- 
motion in earthly and carnal minds, to the convincement 
of many, and the awakening into life and sensibility 
such as shall be saved ; whilst the most refined decla- 
mations of man, in which the life and power rise no 
higher than is consistent with the number of a man^ 
is but as the wind ingeniously played through a polish- 
ed tube, the melody of which is apt to strike the pas- 
sions of both preacher and hearers, and occasion a 
counterfeit of real spiritual fervour in the one, and of 
conviction in the other ; but which is commonly of 
short duration, comparable to the shadow of a cloud 

* Revelations xiii, 18. 



212 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

over the field. With such, the old proverb is often 
verified : " no longer pipe, no longer dance." 

The state of a preacher, thus animated by his own 
natural fervour, and speaking in the strength of his own 
natural powers, appears to me somewhat like a stag- 
nant pool of water, perhaps full to the very brim, but to 
which the vast ocean has no access, so as to fill and 
empty, and fill again, according to the fluxion of the 
Divine Fountain, which (with respect to mortals, and 
perhaps all finite beings,) ebbs and flows. 

Now, whether any of these remarks may afford thee 
the least hint of instruction I cannot tell ; but thus my 
mind was led to communicate. It may be that there is 
room for both of us to witness further attainments in 
true Christian experience. The root of that tree which 
bears twelve manners of fruit, yields her fruit every 
month, and the leaves whereof are for the healing of 
the nations, lies deep. That thou and I may labour to 
grow in the root, and find the foundation, rather than 
to display leaves and branches, or build a superstruc- 
ture too large for its basis, is the desire of thy well- 
meaning and sympathizing friend, 

Susanna Mason. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 213 

Hie way to administer reproof in order to render it 
use/id. 

There is not a more thankless office in the world 
than that of a reprover ; neither is there any duty re- 
lative to others that requires more prudence and discre- 
tion to make it useful. He that takes upon himself 
this office, or receives it from others, should be of up- 
right conduct and conversation, lest in the exercise of 
his prerogative he should meet the old proverb or re- 
flection, " Physician, heal thyself." 

Plutarch has laid down some rules that appear wor- 
thy of note, from which, however, I have deviated a 
little, and have made some additions thereto : 

We should time reproof seasonably, administer it 
decently and with moderation, free from all self-love, 
self-interest, or grudge. We ought not to rebuke a man 
in wine ; it is like insulting over the weak. Chide not 
a man in distress, let his faults and his failings be what 
they may, because he stands more in need of huma- 
nity than of sharp sententious reprimands. Neither re- 
prove those who are in calamitous circumstances, be- 
cause it is observable, that those who servilely admired 
and adhered to us, in the time of prosperity, like old 
aches and pains, pursue us the hardest with their cen- 
sure and reproach, when the golden cup is severed from 
us. Even those who are esteemed religious, are more 
apt to speak contumeliously of those upon whom the 

world has ceased to pour its treasures, and who are 
19* 



214 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

borne down by the heavy hand of adversity, than they 
do of those who are rich in perishable substance, 
though perhaps they may possess less merit than those 
upon whom the chastening rod of Infinite Power and 
Wisdom has been exercised. 

Has thy friend erred, and it be requisite to reprove 
him, send it not by the lips of another, lest it suffer by 
misrepresentation or fall into the hands of an enemy, 
who may use it to his disadvantage and cause him to 
be dissatisfied with thee ; fill his mind with uneasy 
cogitations ; rob him of his peace, and turn the good 
thou intendest into feelings of distrust and contempt 
toward thee. 

He who gravely magnifies himself, and rebukes 
others, as if he had no imperfections of his own, is im- 
pertinent and troublesome, to no useful end. 

Self-love is the strongest passion of our nature ; so 
deeply rooted is it in the human soul, that some sup- 
pose it to be interwoven with the very threads of our 
being ; and it is an evidence of our victory over it, 
when we can bear with humble resignation to hear that 
others know our manifold errors and transgressions* 
and we are willing they should reprove us. 






MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 215 

" When He (the Lord) giveth quietness, who then 
can make trouble ? and when he hideth his face, who 
then can behold him, whether it be done against a nation 
or a man only?" (Job, chap, xxxiv. 29th verse.) 



Baltimore, 3d Mo. 7 th, 1796. 

I have sometimes felt an impulse to commit to writing 
a dispensation wherewith it has pleased God to try me, 
but have thought, what am I ? or what are my sufferings, 
that I should make mention of them ? Yet some beloved 
friends have from time to time manifested their tender 
sympathy towards me by letters, with desires that I 
would inform them how I fared, and to which I could make 
them no reply, being assured that my deliverance from 
the surrounding deep, which threatened my destruction, 
. depended upon a silent resignation to the will of God, 
patiently waiting, and quietly hoping for his salvation. 
I have frequently taken up my pen to write, and some- 
times finished letters to my endeared friends who ap- 
peared so kindly solicitous for my welfare, but found so 
little freedom to send them, that I concluded it safest to 
avoid any communication respecting myself, unless I 
could find more openness in my mind towards it, which 
I think I now do. My greatest fear in undertaking to 
relate my story is, that by indulging any outward act 
which requires the exertion of the mental powers, my 



216 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

mind may be too much drawn off from that state of con- 
tinual prayer and resignedness of soul to God, which 
for some time has been my almost unvaried condition, 
and toward which I feel a flow of desire, as the waters 
run their natural course. 

Favoured with this state of prayer as food for my soul, 
and a small subsistence for the body, I could retire from 
the world, live in obscurity, and feel no regret at having 
my name blotted out from the remembrance of men. 

I had a glimmering light which remained with me for 
several years, that it would be right to remove to Balti- 
more ; this light, as I thought becoming more clear, I 
concluded it must be the place for us, and whether de- 
luded or not, it was for Christ's sake, for I verily believed 
it was agreeable to the pointing of the Divine finger. 

Previously to our departure from New Garden, a 
number of solid friends had a sitting in our family ; one 
mentioned a prospect he had of troubles before us. I 
replied, that I believed he was right, I had no view of 
escaping a considerable share, go where we might, but 
was encouraged to look forward with firmness, from a 
retrospect of the past, having met with many close 
trials in my way thus far through life, but was sensible 
they had been to my benefit, and I had now a faith that 
the Lord would not suffer me to be tried beyond what 
he would turn to my advantage. Another friend ob- 
served that I was a woman possessed of abilities beyond 
many, and had a way of rendering myself agreeable and 
beloved, that he had a fear lest I should be too much 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 217 

caressed, and if I fed upon it, it would be as poison. I 
answered that I knew I had nothing but what I had 
received, and for the use or abuse thereof, I was ac- 
countable to Him who gave it ; that I often felt as poor, 
empty, and ignorant as the meanest capacity, that the 
gifts of understanding and extensive abilities were in the 
Lords hand, and he could bring a cloud over them 
whenever he saw meet, but concluded with the expres- 
sion of the Psalmist, " May my tongue cleave to the 
roof of my mouth, and my right hand forget her cun- 
ning, if I prefer not- Jerusalem to my chiefest joy." 
Much more was said worthy of remembrance ; I felt, as 
I thought, an invincible firmness of soul to meet every 
trial and besetment, being convinced that the Captain of 
my soul's salvation would not suffer me to be foiled in 
the day of battle, if I continued to put my whole trust 
and dependence upon him. Thus did my God prepare 
the way for what was to follow. 

Being a member of a large Meeting, by whom (I 
speak without boasting) I was esteemed and beloved, 
the delegated Shepherd, or overseer of the flock, and 
nearly united in spirit and in outward fellowship with 
a large number of select members, it was no small sacri- 
fice to resign my right of membership in that place ; but 
I felt assured that in doing the will of my Divine Master, 
in whatever part, or department of the fold, he was able 
to make all things good, so that no lack would be known 
or felt. 

On the 12th of the 5th month, 1795, our family land- 



218 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

ed in Baltimore ; my husband and self, two sons and 
two daughters, all blooming in health, and three colour- 
ed domestics. We received a kindly welcome from 
friends, and were soon fixed in our own habitation ; 
here I began to be sensible how it was with me. I felt 
a state of great inward desertion, and when I went to 
meeting was either lulled into stupefaction, or assailed 
with temporal schemes ; castle-building, and I know not 
what phantasms swam before my sight like motes in the 
beams of the sun. 

Our eldest son William had entered his sixteenth 
year ; he had seen but little of the world, having been 
mostly kept at school, and to industry at home ; he 
wrote an elegant hand, understood figures well, navi- 
gation, surveying, <fcc. and was what, in most country 
places is called, a good scholar. 

He was a youth of a pleasing form, and good capa- 
city, but was not in all respects so docile as our other 
children. A short time before our removal to town, as 
the tailor was making him a suit of plain clothes, he 
appeared dissatisfied, and said it should be the last he 
would ever have made in that way ; I told him I hoped 
he would have more understanding as he grew older. 
He replied : " No, I shall never have that kind of 
sense." When I requested him to get ready for meet- 
ings, he would tell me, in a pleasant way, " I am good 
enough without," or, "I am sure it will make me no 
better." The last time but one that he went to meet- 
ing, he pleaded some excuse, but finding it did not 



MEMOIRS OF SUSAJSNA MASON. 219 

avail, he said, " how much better off are other people, 
who are not plagued with going to meeting as we are, 
and yet are quite as good." I endeavoured to show 
him the reason and intent of our assembling on stated 
days ; but he appeared nowise convinced, and I could 
not induce him to a compliance but by a positive com- 
mand, which he never disobeyed. 

As he walked reluctantly before me, I had the most 
distressing conceptions respecting him, of a hardened 
abandoned state, to which I feared his aversion to his 
duty was a prelude. I thought I saw him lying on a 
death-bed, loaded with crimes, destitute of parents or 
friends, dreading that eternity into which he was about 
to enter. Had the scene been realized, I think I could 
not have felt more deeply affected. It then seemed as 
if the question were asked me : " If I thought I could 
resign him to death, now whilst he was measurably in_ 
nocent, and unspotted by crimes, rather than run the 
risk of the end I beheld ?" After weighing the matter 
some time, I replied: " Lord, thy will, and not mine be 
done." 

On the following First day he went to meeting, and 
after he returned he laid down: we sent for him to 
dine, but he did not come, and upon my going to him 
he told me he was poorly. His disorder proved to be the 
dysentery, and though his pain was violent, he bore it 
with much manly fortitude ; yet from the change I 
observed in him, I believed he was struck with an ap- 
prehension that he should die. The humility with 



220 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

which he spoke when he wanted any thing, and the 
deep exercise under which he laboured, though he said 
but little, convinced me that he was aware of his situa- 
tion, I think it was the fourth day after he was taken, 
that he said to me, " mother, I cannot live unless I get 
better soon, for I feel myself very miserable indeed." 
I asked him if he were willing to die? He said, " No, 
I am not good enough." I told him the Lord was all- 
sufficient, and able to raise him, if it were his will to 
spare, as also to forgive his sins, and prepare him for 
death, should he see meet to take him ; and told him, 
as he had no helper but God only, to direct all his 
cries and petitions to him. 

A day or two after he said: " Oh that I might be 
spared this once, only this one time, what an alteration 
there should be in my life ; I would use all endeavours 
to prepare for death, that so I might not be afraid to 
meet it." Again he said: " It is a mercy that God 
afflicts me ; for were I let to live in health in this town, 
I should be wicked, but now I see what poor misera- 
ble creatures we are, when we are afflicted, and are not 
good." 

He took an opportunity when none was present to 
advise his brother to be a good boy. 

Two days before the final close, his pains left him, 
and he appeared to have nothing to struggle with but 
weakness, and at times a difficulty of breathing. I 
thought I had never known his understanding so bright ;. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 221 

he conversed about the world, its emptiness of all solid 
pleasures, its difficulties and its temptations. 

The morning before his departure, the doctor com- 
ing in, who was a tender, sympathetic man, evinced 
by his looks that he had no longer any hope of his 
recovery, which till then he had not wholly lost, but 
finding him in a cold sweat, which stood in drops on 
his face, only as I wiped them off, he sat a few mi^ 
nutes nearly silent, then went away. As soon as he 
was gone, "mother," said he, "has not the doctor 
given me over ?" I made no reply for a time, knowing 
that it was near the close with him ; but after awhile, 
I asked him if he were willing to die ? He replied, " If 
I thought I was good enough, I would as leave go now 
as any time ; for die we all must, some day or other, 
and if I should be taken now, I shall miss many trials 
and temptations which I shall have to encounter should 
I live." He also said, " I feel that I love every body, 
and wish well to all." I told him if he were wicked, 
he could not have such feelings, and as God was mer- 
ciful, I hoped he had heard his prayer, and had for- 
given him all the evils he had done ; and as he gave 
him a being, he undoubtedly knew, and would do what 
was best; I desired him to resign himself entirely into 
his hands. I then kissed him, and told him I hoped 
he would soon be at rest in the arms of a gracious Re- 
deemer, and before long we should meet in happiness 
to part no more. He said, with an energy of voice, 

"I hope so." 

20 



222 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

The remainder of the day he laid very composedly, 
and spoke but little. About dusk, he looked at me 
with a pleasant countenance, "mother," said he, "I 
am a great deal better, I feel as if nothing ailed me, no 
pain of body or mind." A few minutes after, he de- 
sired his father to turn him upon his side, which, when 
he had so done, he drew a few short breaths and ex- 
pired. 

I sat by him, till his eyes were closed in death ; and 
felt none of that excessive or frantic grief, which is 
expressed by vocal cries and lamentations ; but a deep 
awful solemnity covered my spirit, and a secret aspi- 
ration arose to Almighty God, that he would assist him 
in the last stragglings of nature, and receive his soul 
into happiness. 

He died the 22d of 6th month, 1795, aged 15 years 
and 9 months. 

But my fortitude was not sufficiently tried by this 
event, nor the Divine Will, as yet, accomplished. 

Our youngest daughter, Susanna Hopkins, was a 
sweet, engaging child. Perhaps it might be attributed 
to the partiality of a fond parent, were I to describe the 
evident buddings of the many excellent endowments of 
her mind; suffice it to say, that her understanding sur- 
passed her years, and she was as perfect a model of in- 
nocence as I ever beheld in a human form of her age ; 
her father's darling, and a child in whom I took grea! 
delight. 

About a week after her brother was taken sick, sh< 






MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 223 

was assailed with the same disease. As I had a hope 
the first, day, that she was not ill, I put her to bed 
at night with her sister in another room ; as I was sit- 
ting up with her brother, and heard not the least noise, 
I concluded she was sleeping, but going in about twelve 
o'clock, I found her sitting up in the dark. " Mother" 
said she, " I have been sitting up all night till now ; I 
am so bad, I cannot lie in bed." I brought her into the 
room with me, but she slept none ; her disorder proved 
obstinate, and as in the case of her brother, baffled the 
force of medicine. She was patient as a lamb, though we 
believed her suffering exceeded her brother's. When- 
ever she turned her dear languishing eyes toward me, I 
thought they reproached me as the cause of her afflic- 
tion. But I must cut short the narration, it having cost 
me much to draw my attention from the subject, and 
many and ardent have been my cries to the Almighty 
for resignation. She was eleven hours dying, and ap- 
peared sensible nearly to the last. It was now that ray 
tortured soul felt the deepest agony of distress ; I doubted 
whether I should not lose my reason. Twelve months 
have elapsed since the sad catastrophe, yet still my 
heart bleeds, as it were, afresh at the recital. She died 
four days after her brother. 

As I could no longer endure the sight of my dear 
lamb in her last agonies, I had retired into another room. 
Upon being informed that the last struggle was over 
with her, at the very same instant I was seized with a 
pain like the cramp, which proved to be. the dysentery. 



224 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

I attended the burial of my precious Susan, and, ob- 
serving the spot were both my children were laid, I 
thought probably, I should soon be placed beside them. 
I concluded not to apply to a physician, finding they 
had been so unsuccessful, but the doctor hearing I had 
taken the disorder, came unsent for to see me, and pre- 
scribed to the best of his knowledge. The sufferings I 
endured were not comparable to any I had ever past 
through, nor could I get any relief but whilst under the 
effects of laudanum, which I took so long and to such 
a degree, that it began to lose its somnific properties, 
and by the united advice of three skilful physicians, 
I was compelled to quit it. My pain then returned 
with the utmost violence, and I had no prospect but to 
expire in an agony. One night my husband sat up 
with me alone till towards day, when thinking I was 
nearly gone, he called in a couple of neighbours, and 
neither they nor I thought I should live to see the light 
of the morning ; however, after some time a little relief 
was dispensed, but the ensuing night I was exceedingly 
ill, and apparently so nearly gone, that they bolstered 
me up in bed, from which position I expected never to 
move till death had closed my eyes ; but relief was again 
afforded, and in about three weeks I began to mend a 
little. Description must here fail to paint my feelings 
both of body and mind. Willingly would I have em- 
braced death as an asylum from my sorrow and deep 
affliction, with only a faint hope that it would not fare 
worse with me in another state than in this ; yet I had 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 225 

not that assurance of happiness with God, which I had 
often prayed I might be favoured with, when it should 
be his will to take me : whilst looking death in the face, 
an impenetrable gloom seemed to wrap every prospect 
in oblivion, which made feeble nature recoil and turn 
her desires toward life, writhed as it was. 

Oh ! saith my soul, may I henceforth be prepared to 
contemplate the King of Terrors without dismay, and 
be enabled to adopt this triumphant exclamation : " Oh 
death, where is thy sting.? Oh grave, where is thy vic- 
tory ?" whenever it may please my God to remove me 
hence to be seen of men no more. 

The last of the Seventh month I was removed to the 
house of a relation in the country. Here I had often 
to look at my situation — driven from my own house 
by the unhealthiness of its situation — my children se- 
parated from me, as our remaining two had been taken 
to an uncle's before the death of their sister — no sym- 
pathizing friends to visit me. Were I to attempt to 
make another sensible of the mountainous load by 
which my soul was oppressed, all description would 
fall short of the original ; I believe human nature inca- 
pable of deeper suffering not to be entirely hopeless. 

I must not omit to mention that the dutiful attention 
of our tw r o coloured people, could not have been ex- 
ceeded by the most tender and affectionate children ; 
day or night, nothing they could do seemed too much. 
As my relation to whom we repaired held slaves, upon 

observing the conduct of our blacks whom we had with 
20* 



226 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

us, she remarked, that whenever she looked at them 
her conduct towards her's reproached her; that the 
education of ours appeared to surpass most common 
whites. 

Whilst I was confined to a sick bed, from which I 
hardly expected ever to rise, upon taking a retrospect 
of my life, there were two things that administered 
satisfaction, though I had nothing to boast of in any 
thing I had done ; yet I felt comforted in the guarded 
education I had given my children, and the fruit of in- 
nocency and humility that appeared ; also that I had, 
according to my ability, been charitable to the poor. 
Though I was not looking to be justified by works, 
yet these two things were brought to my view as hav- 
ing something in them pleasing to God. 

We returned with our scattered family to our dwel- 
ling in town in the beginning of the Ninth month. I 
could turn my eyes no way but I saw my dear chil- 
dren. The corner of the room where my lamb was sit- 
ting when I went to her the night she was taken ill, the 
apartments where they had suffered and closed their 
eyes upon all mutable objects, stung my soul to the 
quick. Had the same circumstances of sickness, death, 
and other cross occurrences happened, independently of 
any thing I had been the means of bringing about, I 
thought I could have supported it. How it came to 
pass that I did not utterly sink under it, is only known 
to Him whom I had not wilfully offended. 

Any one whose frame was never shaken by such 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 227 

long and severe conflicts, can form no idea of my debi- 
lity, both of body and mind ; of which being sensible, 
in both respects, I kept still, and conversed as little as 
possible : I even laboured to exclude thought. For a 
considerable time I could not read a letter from my dear 
friends at New Garden, or hear their names mentioned, 
without great emotion. 

Not long after our return to town, our beloved 
friends, Deborah Darby and Rebecca Young, took our 
family in the course of the visit they generally paid to 
the members of this monthly meeting. My husband 
was gone from home : myself, two children, and a co- 
loured woman, were all that were present. Rebecca 
spoke first ; addressing herself to the children, told them 
of her experience when young, and the blessings at- 
tending an early surrender to the manifestations of 
truth in their own minds, and expressed herself in a 
very sympathetic manner to me. Soon after her, De- 
borah said, speaking to the children, " yea, and they 
will be blessed," and more especially referred to our 
daughter, and in persuasive terms recommended her 
to faithfulness to the feelings she then had. Then 
turning co me, expressed the sympathy she had with 
me under my deep baptisms, and told me, that if I 
had been permitted to have my choice, we should not 
have been in this place : " but, my dear friend," said 
she, "if it may afford thee any encouragement, let me 
tell thee, your coming here was not a thing of chance 
or accident, but by the will of God, and it shall prove 



228 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

a blessing to many ; thou shalt see of the travail of thy 
soul and be satisfied , thou shalt look back upon the 
days of thy distress, and say, ' what ailed thee, sea, 
that thou fledest back? and thou Jordan, that thou 
wast driven back? for behold the mountains shall skip 
like rams, and the little hills like lambs,' and the latter 
part of thy days shall be less replete with occasions of 
sorrow and trouble than some that are past." What 
they had to express was altogether sympathetic and en- 
couraging ; whereupon, faith and hope (which seemed 
to be as near the verge of despair as could be, not to be 
quite plunged therein) were for a time a little revived. 

As soon as I was able to walk to meeting, which 
was more than a mile, I could not feel easy to stay at 
home ; but when there, I was either sunk into a stu- 
por, troubled in mind about worldly matters, or attacked 
with a spirit of unbelief, and, in spite of all my labour 
to discard the latter, (as I do not know that I ever gave 
up to it,) doubts were presented of the fallacy of the 
whole Christian scheme of redemption through Jesus 
Christ ; whether there were any thing but deception in 
that which we took to be revelation ; and whether the 
God of Nature were not so far exalted above us poor, 
finite beings, that he regarded none of our actions, nor 
had any thing to do with the appointment of our sta- 
tions upon earth. 

My own mistake, as I now supposed it was, in be- 
ing a means of bringing my family here, was strongly 
urged as a proof that it must be so; that instead of a 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 229 

blessing, the hand of Divine judgment seemed to pur- 
sue us on eveiy side ; but to admit of the hand of Di- 
vine judgment, implied the omnipresence of God. 
Then the evils we suffered would present as no other 
than what might befall in the natural course of things. 

Dreadful indeed were these suggestions, and not to 
be under the immediate notice and providence of Al- 
mighty God, nor in a capacity to witness the second 
coming of Christ Jesus, without sin unto salvation, as 
the purchase of his blood, was hell with all its hor- 
rors. Under these impressions, I was made as a spec- 
tacle to the people ; often, when meeting was ended, 
and I had been sensible of nothing but the strong as- 
saults of these powers of darkness, I passed through 
the crowd that stood round the doors, with tears stream- 
ing down my cheeks. Had my life been the forfeit, I 
could not have prevented it, though, in common, I did 
not vent my sorrows in this way, but endeavoured, all 
that in me lay, to preserve the form of cheerfulness ; 
which, in the day-time, when engaged in my business, 
I could do tolerably well ; yet, at night, when I lay 
down, thoughts, doubts, and gloomy prospects would 
pour into my soul like a deluge, so that my very in- 
ward parts seemed to burn as an oven ; and from the 
agitation of my mind, the blood was sensibly driven 
into my head, so that I was constantly giddy, and I am 
convinced, that for some time I was delirious ; but I 
laboured after stillness, and did the best I could to pre- 
vent its being discoverable to any but myself. 



230 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

Some time before I left Pennsylvania, I had read 
Payne's " Age of Reason," from curiosity, or perhaps 
with some view, that I should be able to discover his 
errors, and speak of them to others allured thereby ; 
but in this time of weakness, and great inward desertion, 
it was like one of satan's battering rams, whereby he 
frequently assaulted my mind. Sadly did I lament that 
I had ever put such an instrument into his hands ; I 
thought when I read it, that I was strong enough to 
withstand all the subtlety of reasoning contained therein ; 
but now my impotency was made manifest by the doubts 
that assailed my mind ; to admit of them was to give up 
my interest in a Eedeemer, and to set myself at an un- 
observable distance from God my Maker ; at the pros- 
pect of which my soul shuddered, as on the brink of 
an unfathomable precipice, and I clung to the little faith 
I had, with all the feeble powers I was capable of ex- 
erting. Instead of admitting that there was any defi- 
ciency towards us in God, or deception in the revelation 
of his spirit through Christ, as manifested in us, I con- 
cluded there must be an error in me, and that for want 
of centering more deeply to the root of Divine life, in 
the counsel I had taken, the Lord had suffered a lying 
spirit to deceive me ; or that, by my impatience of the 
evils I had suffered before we came here, I had sought 
deliverance in my own way and time, and that the Most 
High had judged me therefor by his severe judgments, 
whereby I conceived that I should be consumed, and 
my name made a reproach. That my soul might es- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 231 

cape everlasting punishment, was the most I presumed 
to pray for, and the language of my spirit was often on 
this wise. 

O Thou ! whose mercy and goodness have been cele- 
brated by the penitent in all ages, so that even rebel- 
lious and atrocious sinners, when humbled under thy 
judgments have been brought to a sense of their own 
vileness and unworthiness, and thy right to rule in, and 
over all, when they have cried and put up their unfeigned 
petitions unto thee, thou hast been graciously pleased 
to hear, and send forth deliverance, that so by living 
experience, and not a dead faith, or bare assent, they 
could join the universal song of all nature and creatures, 
" the Lord is good." Anci canst Thou, O Lord Al- 
mighty, consistently with thy darling attribute, mercy, 
cast for ever from thy presence a wretch, who, though 
encompassed with many weaknesses and infirmities, 
yet has not wilfully offended or run counter to thy holy 
will ? Make known unto me wherein I have so deeply 
erred against thy Divine Majesty, that thou hast shut 
me up in darkness, and left me a helpless prey to fiery 
spirits, whilst Death -shakes his lance over my head, 
and hell, or- some dark unfathomable abyss which lies 
beyond the grave, yawns beneath my feet. 

Cast me not out of thy sight, but give me an interest 
in Christ the Redeemer, and make me not a reproach 
to thy truth. 

Had I a voice equal to the energy of my soul, surely 
the very utmost bounds of creation would witness my 



232 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

cries, though now only breathed in silence, or express- 
ed in groans unutterable. 

If I attempted to read the Bible, the life and experi- 
ence of Friends, or any other good book, it would im- 
mediately be suggested, this is priestcraft, the power of 
imagination, or wilful deception to delude the simple. 
I would then close the book and labour to retire inward, 
determined that if God should never see meet to open 
my understanding, yet I would get as near to him as I 
could, and form no judgment or conclusion upon any 
thing, but wait my dissolution in humble hope, and a 
degree of confidence that he must cease to be God om- 
nipotent, ere he would reject the cries of his dependent 
creatures, who have none in Heaven but him, nor in 
all the earth in comparison of him. 

The deep conflicts, varied trials, and exercises I had 
passed through, had so reduced my powers of body and 
mind, that I was unfit for any kind of business. It was 
in this spot I felt myself nailed to the cross, and in 
agony of spirit not to be expressed, cried out, " Eloi, 
Eloi, Lama Sabacthani." Let none take offence at 
this comparison of my situation with that of the suffer- 
ing Lamb. Though none of us may lay claim to his 
immaculate purity, yet he having left a measure of 
suffering for those that follow him to fill up, I am fully 
persuaded that there is often a near similarity with him 
in the path they have to tread, and which may be in 
best wisdom so directed for their full confirmation, that 
this is indeed the Son of God ; and that they may learn 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 233 

by blessed experience of the fruits of those sufferings in 
themselves, that there is no other way to sanctification 
and true holiness, than by witnessing that baptism, and 
that conformity to his life, sufferings, crucifixion, and 
death, which is so amply testified of in the scriptures to be 
the only way of following him in the regeneration, and 
without which we can have no well-grounded hope of a 
resurrection with him unto life eternal. 

As my husband had embraced an offer of some busi- 
ness in the western country, which appeared likely to 
detain him some months, I concluded to break up 
house-keeping, stow our goods in a friend's house in 
town, and go into the country to my sister's, in order 
to try whether my health were recoverable, which I 
very much doubted. 

My kind and respectful brother-in-law, E. W., came 
with his carriage, and took me and my daughter home 
with him. I had been so long tossed in mind that sleep 
had almost deserted me : my memory was so impaired 
that I could scarcely recollect words sufficient to convey 
my ideas upon the most trivial subjects, and my tongue 
was fain to cleave to the roof of my mouth. Here, 
feeling myself at liberty to indulge my inclination, I 
slept almost successively for nearly ten days and 
nights. However, my friends and acquaintance there-? 
about, who had known me when I had wit and loqua- 
city, respectfully came to see me, and showed such 
marks of kindness, that still having a sense of urbanity, 

I used what endeavours I could to render myself agree- 
21 



234 MEMOIRS OF StlSANNA MASOtf* 

able, and visited several of them. In about five weeks 
I began to feel a little more like my former self. 

I felt a secret draught to be present at the prepara- 
tive, monthly, and quarterly meetings, which preceded 
the Yearly Meeting; but on weighing the matter, I con- 
cluded that I was but as a leaf driven to and fro with 
the wind, and that it was of no consequence where I 
was ; but receiving a letter from a friend in town, which 
informed me of a circumstance in my mundane affairs 
that required my attention, I was under the necessity 
of going. I left my daughter with my kind relative, 
C. Ellicott, a few miles from town, and staid myself at 
a friend's house, whose wife had invited me. The man 
is thought by many to be more of a Methodist than a Qua- 
ker. Here I felt much straitened, from a belief that he 
had imbibed unfavourable impressions respecting me, and 
for several days we observed a distant civility toward 
each other ; however, by degrees our acquaintance in- 
creased, as did our esteem for each other. He makes 
no noise or talk about his religious experience, but I 
had no doubt he was under a daily devotional exercise, 
and is withal a man truly amiable and of intrinsic 
worth, and I was convinced I was welcome to him and 
to his whole family. After staying in town about three 
weeks, my cousin Ellicott sent for me, and I returned 
to my daughter. Here I remained two weeks, where 
nothing of hospitality and respect were wanting to 
make my time pass agreeably, and of all the places I have 
been in, in Maryland, here I felt the most peaceful. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSA.NNA MASON. 235 

As to the state of my mind and my spiritual con- 
cerns, I am free to mention, that when I first went to 
my brother-in-law's, I remained in a kind of stupor, 
only as recollection whetted my feelings, and caused 
my wounds to bleed afresh : nor did anticipation offer 
any emollient to heal them ; silence seemed my only 
safeguard — not only silence from words, but silence 
in thought, and without language or expression, I la- 
boured to lie continually prostrate before the Most 
High, without any form of prayer that could be uttered; 
in which situation I was doubtful whether He observed 
me or not, but I found no other remedy against despe- 
ration ; for the Heavens seemed to be as brass. But in 
about five weeks, my heart began to be a little softened, 
and aspirations to God arose, which I perceived to be 
the spirit of prayer. This was the first ray of encour- 
agement that had darted upon my soul for many 
months, yet I seldom dared, by language, to prefer a 
petition, but remained with my spirit lifted up to God, 
without making use of any medium to convey my de- 
sires ; yea, they were beyond the power of expres- 
sion. The most pathetic language would have been 
cold and flat, in comparison with the inexpressible ar- 
dour of my soul. 

Above twelve months had now elapsed, since I could 
read the scriptures without being beset with a spirit of 
doubt and unbelief; but this day I felt an inclination to 
look into them. Upon opening the volume, the first 
place which presented was the forty-ninth chapter of 



236 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

Isaiah, from the 7th verse ; and I felt something like 
consolation and encouragement to flow. Fearing that, 
even in this, the enemy might take advantage, and set 
my creaturely cogitations and conceivings to work, I 
closed the book and retired into silence. Oh, what 
would my thirsty soul have given for one draught of 
consolation, which I could have been sure flowed from 
the Divine Source ! 

One morning, just as I awoke, the following words 
sprung lively in my mind : " Whom God hath raised 
up, having loosed the pains of death, because it was 
not possible that he should be holden of them ;" which 
I felt as having an allusion to the Divine life in the soul, 
and that it was equally impossible it should remain a 
captive under the pains of death, as for the Son of God 
to be holden of it. 

I went to meeting (it being on First day) and it was 
the first meeting I had attended since my coming here, 
that I could feel any thing within myself like the per- 
formance of worship; and even now, my devotion was 
a mixture of worldly cogitations which I laboured to 
banish with all my powers. When meeting was nearly 
over, something like an accuser presented to my mind, 
saying this is very lame and imperfect worship, which 
is despised and rejected of God; I replied in the spirit 
of my mind, I have endeavoured to do the best I could 
and must leave it to Him to accept or reject. Not long 
after, in another meeting, I thought myself called upon 
to speak to the people, and words as put into my mouth 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 237 

presented ; but I doubted, and discouragements like a 
flood poured into my soul, and I reasoned and entreated 
on this wise — "I have passed the meridian of my day ; 
I am in the forty-eighth year of my life. Why may I 
not retire into obscurity, and my name be blotted out 
of remembrance, there to pour out my soul in supplica- 
tion till my change come ?" 

Those who have experienced the same thing can only 
know the conflicts I have passed through. 

Some time after this, I paid a visit to my native land, 
and there I was made willing to express a little, which 
I apprehended was required of me to declare in the as- 
semblies of the people, which yielded peace. 

Here, also, I had exercise and deep concern of mind, 
because of the oppression of the coloured people ; 
whilst on their part, stealing and licentiousness were 
generally imputed to them, and many complaints of 
their insolence made. Indeed, in several places where 
I have been in Maryland, I have been much distressed 
on their account ; many, perhaps all, had food sufficient, 
but set for them in no kind of order and decency ; their 
lodging places were dirty, and even some gave them 
neither bed nor blanket, and the creatures slept upon 
the floor or benches. I expressed my mind very freely 
to some of my relatives on the subject. 

I think I may say, that since coming to the land of 

my nativity as an inhabitant, I have been as a dove sent 

forth from the ark : whilst yet the waters covered the 

earth, I have not found rest for the sole of my foot, and 
21* 



238 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

my trials (many more than I have here noted) have not 
been as wave succeeding wave, but as mountains piled 
upon mountains, and why I have not, or whether I may 
not be crushed, God only knows. 

How hard when the storms of life thicken around us 
as from every quarter, to maintain a firm unshaken con- 
fidence in the everlasting arm of Power, which, though 
I believe it is able to do all things in and for us, yet 
whether I am so far worthy of his Divine regard as to 
be distinguished by his showing me any good, is a 
matter of which I am doubtful ; nor indeed do I desire a 
blessing so much on my own account as upon that of 
my husband and children. But above all things I hum- 
bly implore that the Divine principle whereby I pro- 
fess to be led and guided may not suffer and become 
lightly esteemed through me. * * * 

* * * -* * * 

And now I can say, that through earnest labour and 
resignation to the will of God under every trying dis- 
pensation, I have obtained the spirit of prayer, not tran- 
siently given, but I live and move in it. I can set the 
seal of my experience to the words of the Psalmist con- 
cerning the goodness of Israel's unslumbering shepherd. 
" I was brought low and he helped me. Return unto 
thy rest, O my soul ! for the Lord hath dealt bountifully 
with thee. For thou hast delivered my soul from death, 
and my feet from falling." (Psalm, cxviii, 67th and 
68th verses.) 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 239 

" It may afford encouragement to the traveller through 
this vale of tears, to mark the closing testimony in the 
memoirs of this tried hand-maid of the Lord ; that by 
patiently waiting for him, he was graciously pleased to 
1 arise with healing in his wings,' and in his own time 
to * put a new song into her mouth, even praises to his 
holy name.' But from the subjoined memorandum of 
a visit to her native land, it appears she was still a par- 
ticipator in the portion of those whom the Heavenly 
Father designates as'his legitimate children. The weight 
that hung so heavily upon her spirit at that time was 
chiefly on account of the coloured people, whom she 
found ' as sheep scattered upon the mountains in a dark 
and cloudy day,' and few stretching forth a hand to 
gather them into habits of moral rectitude, or concerned 
for their eternal well-being in that after state* whither 
the rich and the poor, the bond and the free are alike 
hastening, each to render an account of the measure of 
grace received and to stand adjudged thereby." 

Deer Creek, 8th Mo. Idth, 1796. 

I have spent four weeks among my nearest kindred, 
and am about to leave them with a burdened mind. 

Truly I can adopt the following language : — " I re- 
membered God and was troubled, I complained, and 
my spirit was overwhelmed. Thou holdest mine eyes 
waking, I am so troubled that I cannot speak. I con- 
sidered the Lord of old, the years of ancient times. I 



240 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

call to remembrance my song in the night. I com- 
muned with mine own heart, and my spirit made diligent 
search. Will the Lord cast off for ever, will he be favour- 
able no more ? Is his mercy clean gone for ever ? Do 
his promises fail for ever more ? Hath God forgotten to 
be gracious ? Hath he in anger shut up his tender mer- 
cies ?" — (A Psalm of David.) 



The treasures of this world are entrusted to us with 
an intent that those who stand in need should be bene- 
fited thereby. That we ought to consider ourselves as 
stewards whose indispensable duty it is to hand forth of 
the Divine bounty, placed in our keeping, is evidently 
set forth by the parable where the sheep on the right 
hand, and the goats on the left,* take their denomina- 
tion and destiny according as this circumstance operated 
for and against them. 



" A Sketch of Ellicotfs Mills, and an Account of 
Benjamin Banneker, compiled from remembrances 
of 1796. 

Whilst indulging reminiscences associated with a 
beloved mother, the period she has noted as the most 

* Matthew, chap, xxv.— 33. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 241 

peaceful that she had participated in since her return 
to the land of her nativity, has been revived with pe- 
culiar interest. 

Though the impress made upon my mind is undefin- 
able, yet I well remember the elasticity of feeling pro- 
duced by a survey of the wild scenery of nature, as 
descending from the south-west, my eye first rested on 
the winding Patapsco, rolling its tribute to aid mecha- 
nical skill and industry over rocks, and through deep 
ravines, laving in its course the margin of gardens, 
where floral taste . was exhibited in all the beautiful 
diversity of hues that distinguish every specimen 
traced by the Hand Divine. 

The neatly arranged dwellings of the proprietors of 
the soil, stretching along the valley; the 'busy mill,' 
whence the village derives its name ; the well reple- 
nished store-house, and the cottagos of the hardy sons 
of toil, presented monuments of the plastic powers 
vested in man, thus to convert this rugged wild into a 
beauteous asylum, suited to the elegant refinements of 
social life. 

In a narrow pass, between two lofty hills, and at the 
very base of the one in the rear, the first emigrant to 
this spot, John Ellicott, had erected his domicil. It is 
built of stone, as are the mills, the store-house, and 
■learly all the edifices in the village. His wife, who 
was now a widow, was nearly related to my mother ; 
they had not seen each other for many years, yet that 
love, which ' Time nor distance can sever,' was in its 



242 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

freshness. She felt the effect of circumstances so fa- 
vourable to cheerfulness of spirit, and exerted the abi- 
lity offered to rise above the clouds that for many 
months had encircled in gloom her every mundane 
prospect. 

Near this village resided Benjamin Banneker, of 
whose fame as an astronomer history has not been 
wholly silent. According to a delineation of his visage, 
as given by himself in a letter to Thomas Jefferson, in 
1791, then Secretary of State, wherein he pleads the 
cause of his brethren in bonds, he was * of the African 
race, and of that colour which is natural to them of the 
deepest dye.' 

Having to earn his bread by the sweat of his brow, 
he received nothing more than the rudiments of an edu- 
cation at a little country school. The slender stock 
of knowledge there acquired, proved a clue to great 
attainments. 

By persevering industry he gained a view into the 
planetary system, and with the aid of books and philo- 
sophical instruments, received from his philanthropic 
friend, George Ellicott, he calculated almanacks for seve- 
ral successive years, some of which were published, 
and proved as correct, and were in as good repute as 
others then extant. 

My mother, who ever felt a deep interest in this de- 
partment of the human family, had a desire to see him. 
Accordingly she, her cousin C. Ellicott, and a number 
of young friends, walked thither. We found the vene- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 243 

rable star-gazer under a wide-spreading pear tree, laden 
with delicious fruit ; he came forward to meet us, and 
bade us welcome to his lowly dwelling. It was built 
of logs, one story in height, and surrounded by an 
orchard. In one corner of the room was suspended a 
wooden clock of his own construction, which was a 
true herald of departing hours. 

As no ' thrifty wihVs' smile had ever enlightened 
his abode, I have no remembrance that neatness and 
comfort were conspicuously depicted there. 

He took down from a shelf a little book, wherein he 
registered the names of those by whose visits he 
thought himself honoured, and recorded my mother's 
upon the list ; he then diffidently, but very politely 
requested her acceptance of a manuscript almanack, 
which she received with evident marks of gratification, 
derived from this interview with him. 

In the course of a few days she addressed the sub- 
joined poetical letter to him, and in a reply shortly 
after received, he acknowledged the pleasure her atten- 
tion had given him, and apologized that his answer was 
not in measured lines, as he was not gifted for that 
kind of composition. 

In a late visit to Ellicott's Mills, two beloved friends 
and myself, who alike enjoy converse with Nature in 
her deepest solitudes, essayed to find the spot w^here 
the mental eye of this sable son of science had often 
pierced into futurity, and where his hand had recorded 
events as yet buried in its vast abyss. After mounting 



244 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

and descending successive hills, high and steep, and 
sometimes wending along the banks of the little stream- 
lets that crossed our way, we found that memory had 
no chart whereby to direct our steps, and we returned 
without accomplishing our purpose. 

But I have heard from those who have passed that way, 
that a fire kindled by some unknown hand had con- 
sumed the cottage, and wasted every vestige belonging 
thereto. The pear tree and the orchard have not yet 
yielded to that Sovereign Power, which continues to 
inscribe this motto upon every terrestrial thing, ' It 
shall perish.' " 



An Address to Benjamin Banneker, an African 
Astronomer, who presented the author with a ma- 
nuscript Almanack. 

Transmitted on the wings of Fame, 
Thine eelat sounding with thy name, 
Well pleas'd I heard, e'er 'twas my lot 
To see thee in thy rural cot, 
That genius smil'd upon thy birth, 
And application call'd it forth ; 
That times and tides thou couldst presage, 
And traverse the celestial stage, 
"Where shining globes their circles run 
In swift rotation round the sun: 
Could'st tell how planets in their way, 
From order ne'er were known to stray ; 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 245 

Sun, moon, and stars, when they will rise, 
When sink below the upper skies ; 
When an eclipse shall veil their light, 
And hide their splendor from our sight. 
Now we'll apply thy wond'rous skill, 
The wise may oft be wiser still. 
Though saving knowledge to impart, 
To guide the life and mend the heart, 
Belongs to Him who rules the spheres, 
Whose potent Arm all nature bears, 
Whose sovereign wisdom governs all 
If worlds consume or sparrows fall. 
Yet nature in its wonted course 
Some useful lessons may enforce. 
A little star, like speck appears, 
Scarce obvious 'mid the mightier spheres, 
Into the wondrous field of space, 
Eludes thy sight and runs its race, 
Yet no account thou make'st of it, 
Its waxing, waning, or exit ; 
What time it pass'd from mortal sight, 
Or when again 'twill come to light; 
But brighter orbs thou mark'st their way, 
Observ'st their motions night and day : 
Describ'st the speed at which they run, 
And what their distance from the sun: 
A speck in these is quickly seen, 
If opaque bodies intervene, 
Their native brightness to pervade, 
And o'er their lustre cast a shade. 
Now, as I've said, though thou art wise, 
Permit me here to moralize. 
22 



246 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

Some men who private walks pursue, 

Whom Fame ne'er ushered into view, 

May run their race and few observe, 

To right or left if they should swerve, 

Their blemishes would not appear 

Beyond their lives a single year. 

But thou, a man exalted high, 

Conspicuous in the world's keen eye, 

On record now thy name 's enrolled, 

And future ages will be told, 

There lived a man called Banneker, 

An African astronomer. 

Thou need'st to have a special care 

Thy conduct with thy talent square, 

That no contaminating vice, 

Obscure thy lustre in our eyes, 

Or cast a shade upon thy merit 

Or blast the praise thou might'st inherit : " 

For folly in an orb so bright, 

Will strike on each beholder's sight : 

Nay, stand exposed from age to age, 

Extant on some historian's page. 

Now as thy welfare I intend, 

Observe my counsel as a friend. 

Let fair examples mark thy round 

Unto thine orbit's utmost bound. 

" The good man's path," the scriptures say, 

" Shines more and more to perfect day." 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 247 



AN ADDRESS TO THE DEITY. 

Oh Thou who ruFst with a supreme command, 

Who weild'st all nature with a mighty hand, 

Archangels bow with faces veiPd before thee, 

And should not mortals worship and adore thee ? 

Each suppliant wish to Thee is fully known, 

Great source of good ! good flows from thee alone, 

Grant me I pray, that life which is most pure, 

That suffering love which all things doth endure ; 

That conquering faith, before which mountains fly, 

That Christian hope which leads to purity. 

True resignation free from all self-will, 

That lamb-like patience which resents no ill ; 

An holy fear, best guard of innocence 

Of truths Divine, a quick and lively sense, 

Bright charity of all the virtues, best, 

Which proves the weight and value of the rest, 

Without it, well may other virtues pass 

As tinkling cymbals, or the sounding brass. 

A peaceful home, free from domestic strife, 

A soul serene amid the storms of life, 

Tempers all mild, and placid as the morn, 

As calm as eve, ere ruffling winds were born ; 

All other things conducive to my bliss 

I leave to thee, thou canst not judge amiss. 

Let ever thus my warmest wishes run, 

Thy will is best, then let thy will be done. 

Of ills I've borne, or yet may have to bear, 

Let me not murmur to receive my share. 



248 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

Life void of woe, a wish, a hope, most vain, 
• " As sparks fly upward, man is born to pain." 
Press onward still, whatever ills may rise, 
They'll tend to raise me to my native skies. 
No wished for praise, nor thirst of other's fame, 
Than to deserve and bear the Christian name, 
In each pursuit, in all I say and do, 
Thy cause, thy honour, ever have in view ; 
And though my task I sometimes arduous feel, 
If thou requir'st it, may I not rebel, 
But with my powers the weighty trust engage 
To give instruction to the rising age, 
With prudent care inform the minds of youth, 
Adorn with learning, and enrich with truth ; 
The budding genius bending to my sway 
May bless my labours in some future day, 
When on the rolls of just and virtuous fame, 
I view the list and read my pupil's name, 
'T will doubtless yield more true and lasting peace, 
Than pride's vain toiling for ignoble ease. 
And when the work I have to do, is done, 
Shine thou propitious on my setting sun : 
Grant thy strong aid whilst I resign my breath, 
An easy passage through the gates of death; 
A safe admittance to that peaceful shore, 
Where pain and sorrows shall be known no more, 
Where joys on joys in endless circles flow, 
And holy souls in sacred raptures glow. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 249 



To an amiable young friend, on her expressing a 
desire to become a subject of the Muse — 1796. 

Seek'st thou for Fame ? It shall be shown 
For what her trumpet may be blown. 
'T is not, my dear, thy charming face, 
Nor yet thy soft engaging grace ; 
Nor yet the pomp of dress or state, 
Such things as those must yield to fate, 
And to " forgetfulness a prey," 
Like empty sounds shall die away ; 
They 're all a shadow, all a dream, 
However permanent they seem. 
But would'st thou wear the lasting bay, 
Which with thy form shall not decay, 
I'll tell thee how, in lessons plain, 
The summit of thy wish to gain. 
A light within thy God did place, 
With thee and all the human race ; 
Its state at first is small indeed, 
Compared to a mustard seed, 
Yet grown mature, becomes a tree 
Of stately growth and majesty. 
Then know, dear child, this light within 
Commends for good, reproves for sin ; 
And points the way which thou must go, 
To shun the evils here below, 
Which stand replete on every side ; 
'T is this will be thy safest guide, 
When books, nor friends, shall know the charm, 
The bait that lures thee to thy harm ; 
22* 



250 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

Turn to this light, 't will stand confessed, 

In consequential terrors dressed ; 

To worthy deeds it will excite, 

And animate with pure delight. 

When fit occasion thou shalt find, 

To prove the virtues of thy mind ; 

The naked clothe, the hungry feed, 

The stranger succour in his need. 

With sickness pale and sorrow drear, 

To drop a sympathetic tear ; 

To prisons strong, and dungeons deep, 

Where sorrows nightly vigils keep, 

Teach thy benevolence to flow, 

To mitigate the sufferer's woe. 

But pride, methinks, I hear exclaim, 

Are these, forsooth, the paths of Fame ? 

Accomplishments would doubtless shine 

Much brighter in some other line : 

If to this rule all should agree, 

The vulgar might as famous be. 

But shun, O shun that fatal shelf! 

Think none less worthy than thyself. 

Let others judge thy merits due, 

Or should'st thou deem my verse untrue, 

Let me refer thee to that page, 

Which stands the test through every age, 

Where sheep and goats, the highest name 

That any mortals then may claim. 

Peruse the page, 't will tell thee plain 

Immortal honours how to gain. 

How would my soul exulting stand, 

To see thee on the favoured hand ; 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 251 

Hear from the eternal rolls thy name, 
The great Encomiast proclaim, 
" Come, for thou worthy dost appear, 
An everlasting crown to wear !" 



" In compiling this work, some letters have been in- 
serted more as links in time than from any intrinsic 
value attached thereto. 

The subjoined communications addressed to her son 
and daughter, verify the testimony of her intimate 
friend, Martha Carey, ' that she had never known any 
one so continually alive to every thing connected with 
the present and eternal well-being of her children, and 
so unremittingly ardent in desire that their walk through 
life might be in the path of innocency and peace, as 
she.' 

The concerns of this life held due estimation in 
her mind, as manifested in many little particulars to 
which she called my attention. Here it may be seen 
that industry, frugality, and order, were strongly incul- 
cated. But predominant was her solicitude that we 
should keep a steady eye to that internal guide which 
* is a lamp unto the feet, and a light unto the path' of 
those who are willing to trace its course through the 
vicissitudes of time. 

She had tested its sufficiency to preserve from evil. 



252 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

It had opened to her a vista to joys unfading, eternal in 
the heavens ; and in the winding up of the thread of 
mortality, she had the solacing assurance, that her 
fidelity to the trust reposed in her was accepted, and 
her peace sealed." 



New Garden, 10th Mo. 30th, 1796. 
My Dear R. 

Meeting with a favourable opportunity to forward a 
letter by H. Jackson, I embrace it to inform thee we 
had a pleasant sail down the river to Wilmington the 
evening after we left Philadelphia, and in a few days 
proceeded to New Garden, since which thy father has 
been very poorly, but is now something better, and 
able to walk about a little. Dr. Ross has administered 
according to the best of his skill. I am very thought- 
ful about thy brother, but it is uncertain when we shall 
get to see him, as it does not appear likely thy father 
will be able to bear the journey soon. 

I am very desirous to hear from thee, and do let me 
know every particular matter. 

From my long experience of the true benevolence 
and real worth of the family where, perhaps, Provi- 
dence has cast thy lot, all anxiety upon thy account, 
respecting thy treatment amongst them, is taken away ; 
but I am very solicitous thou shouldst conduct thyself 
worthy of their favour, and not forget to return grati- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 253 

tude to Him who is the kind Benefactor of every bless- 
ing, and who by various ways and means can annoy 
and frustrate every enjoyment, when he beholds that 
we make a wrong use of it, or are ungrateful receivers 
of his benefits. Be sure let no gratification, or desire 
of indulgence in those things which thou feelest and 
knowest to be contrary to the dictates of that light and 
knowledge which heaven has inwardly revealed, as the 
standard of thy actions and the rule of thy conduct, di- 
vert thee from a daily and strict attention thereto ; for 
if thou do, thou mayst most certainly be assured that 
judgment will succeed, and the rod of correction, in 
one shape or other, be thy portion. 

Be as subject and obedient to cousin C. and P. M. 
as thou hitherto hast been to thy parents, and demean 
thyself toward the girls as elder sisters. And as dear 
old father Marshall expressed to me, he would have a 
care over thee for good, be not wanting in respectful, 
dutiful attention to him. 

My love is to the whole Marshall family ; I have 
not time to write to any of them at present, but would 
take it kindly if cousin E. would let me know how 
thou behavest thyself, whether thou lie in bed too long, 
or be tardy in getting ready to go to meeting, as was 
sometimes the case before I left thee ; whether thou be 
careful to keep thy clothes in order, not leaving them 
carelessly thrown about. I have thought much of the 
trouble I am fearful thou wilt give in such matters, but 



254 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

thou must use thy utmost endeavours to improve in 
these, and in all other respects. 

I have nothing further to communicate but the un- 
feigned love of thy mother, 

Susanna Mason. 



Baltimore, llth Mo. 22d, 1796. 
My Dear R. 

Thy letter to thy father informed that thou wast in- 
disposed with a cold ; I am very desirous to hear that 
thou art better ; I wish thee to use exercise, and be 
sure to make thyself as little trouble where thou art as 
possible. 

I so often repeated to thee many necessary cautions 
and counsels before I left thee, which I hope thou wilt 
not soon forget, that perhaps it may not be needful to 
say much at present ; but I would have thee daily bear 
in mind, that the comfort and happiness of thy maturer 
years may much depend upon the prudence and sta- 
bility of thy present conduct, and I sincerely wish thee 
to be guarded in thy thoughts, words, and actions, nor 
let any desire of taking liberty in either, draw ofT thy 
attention, or darken the counsel, which if thou keep thy 
mind in the innocency thou mayst have recourse to 
upon all occasions, when perhaps friends nor parents 
may be aware thou needst it; I mean that inward 
Teacher, which I believe thou art in good measure ac- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 255 

quainted with ; nor ever suffer a suggestion to rest on 
thy mind, that thou canst find a readier road to tran- 
quillity and happiness by such ways as point contrary 
to the dictates of this sure guide, and unerring monitor. 
For let me assure thee, my dear child, however pleas- 
ing they may be for a season, they bring a cloud upon 
the fairest morn, and in their consequences cast a gloom 
upon every prospect. 

I wish thee to conduct wisely and prudently upon 
all occasions ; the example and counsel of thy amiable 
cousins, E. and P, 'M. and their valued parents, who 
have promised to regard thee as their child whilst thou 
art with them, may be of great use to thee, and in every 
matter, small or great, wherein thou art at a loss, con- 
sult them freely, and be guided by their judgment. 

And now accept thy mother's love, 

S. Mason. 



12th Mo. 1796. 
My Dear R. 

I have nothing very particular to inform thee, only 
that I am now in Baltimore and in tolerable health, and 
am very desirous to hear from thee, not having received 
a line for a considerable length of time ; if thou should 
not write to me soon, I shall think it an omission of 
duty, as I consider myself justly entitled to every satis- 
faction it is in thy power to give me. I am very anx- 



256 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

ious for thy welfare, and desirous that thou shouldst be 
concerned more oft than the morn to walk in the path 
of innocence and simplicity, being guarded in thy con- 
duct and conversation, remembering that the peace and 
comfort of thy future days, will depend much upon the 
rectitude of thy present deportment ; then suffer no illu- 
sive dream or phantom of enjoyment to deceive thee 
with false hope or expectation that thou shalt find peace 
and happiness in those things that are not strictly within 
the bounds of innocency and piety. 

C. Randall departed this life a few weeks after we 
left Baltimore ; she was resigned and willing to go; the 
rest of thy acquaintances are well. 

My dear love awaits all the family, and accept for 
thyself a large share from thy mother, 

S. Mason. 



Baltimore, 1st Mo. 4th, 1797. 
Dear R. 

I received thy several letters a few days ago, and was 
glad to hear thy cough was better, I had been uneasy 
about thee in this respect ; I wish thee not to be too de- 
licate, but desire thou mayst take every prudent and ne- 
cessary care of thy health, as we know not how to prize 
it till we are convinced what a blessing it is, by the 
want of it. 

I hope thou wilt endeavour to make every recompense 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 257 

in thy power to our kind friends where thou art, for 
their attention to thee, by conducting in the best manner 
thou art capable. I am often concerned lest thy heed- 
less inattention in keeping thy clothes in order, should 
occasion thy friends trouble with thee ; do, my dear 
child, studiously endeavour to improve in this very re- 
spect, for though thou art young, thou hast had expe- 
rience enough to know the advantage of care and 
economy, and the disadvantage arising from the want of 
them. Neglect in these things when young, becomes a 
habit which may prove of no small consequence in after 
life ; I have been apprehensive that thou needst a mo- 
ther's authority in this particular, as much as in any 
other matter at present, and if thou will but become sen- 
sible thereof, and turn thy attention thereto, it may in 
some measure make up for the want of my oversight. 
The tenderness of thy friends toward thee, may perhaps 
occasion them to say less to thee on account of thy de- 
ficiencies than would be best for thee ; be sure and keep 
thy handkerchiefs nicely darned, and thy gloves mended 
— so much for thy clothing. 

Be circumspect in all thy behaviour and conversation 
as though the whole world were spectators of thy con- 
duct, and remember that without the Divine blessing, 
affording inward peace and contentment, no outward 
thing can yield any true or lasting comfort; but where 
that peace is wanting which the world cannot give nor 
take away, our quiet will be fluctuating as the tides, and 

changeable as the winds, and my daily prayers for thee 
23 



258 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

are, that like Mary thou mayst choose that good pari, 
which shall not be taken from thee. 

Thy father has gone to thy uncle W's, thy brother 
was well when I heard from him ; he has learned nearly 
as much as the master can teach him, and is anxious to 
be placed in some business. 

And now I shall just remark, that there is an air of 
carelessness in thy letters. When thou writest, do it 
as well as thou canst, aud if thou could find matter to 
fill up more of the blank paper, it would not be unplea- 
sant to me to read it. 

My love is to cousin Parrish, father Marshall, and 
the whole family, in which bundle include thyself. 
Thy affectionate mother, 

S. Mason. 



Baltimore, 1st Mo. 4th, 1797. 
We have just received information that thy cousin 
went off last Fifth day, and was married to a 



youth ; from whose conduct, it is supposed, she has 
taken a bad step, to the no small grief of her affection- 
ate parents. Thus we see what indiscretion and evil 
the youthful are liable to, and which, I am firmly per- 
suaded they would be preserved from, by a timely ad- 
herence to the monitor within, the dictates of truth in 
their own minds. This, if attended to, would point 
out the lurking danger and the way to avoid it, when 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 259 

as yet no friend was privy thereto, nor had any know- 
ledge that counsel and warning were needful upon such 
an occasion. 

Mayst thou, my dear child, walk carefully and cir- 
cumspectly upon every hand, knowing thou art no 
longer safe from surrounding danger, than as thou art 
humbly dependent upon the Divine Arm for all good, 
and willing to be guided by his counsel. 

I cannot express how ardently thy welfare is desired 
by thy affectionate mother, S. M. 



Baltimore, 2d Mo. 6th, 1797. 
My Dear Son, 

This is the morning of Quarterly Meeting, and the 
time is short, wherein I shall inform thee I received 
thy few lines. I feel thankful thou art favoured with 
health. That thou art lonesome and hast nothing to 
do, are trying circumstances at thy active time of life ; 
but beware, my dear son, that for amusement thou do 
nothing that looks like mischief; but often endeavour 
to improve thy mind, by reading and reflection, which 
may form a good foundation to build a life of activity 
upon. Consider, my dear, that Providence (no doubt) 
in wisdom, early made thee acquainted with scenes of 
sorrow and disappointment, which may serve as a last- 
ing proof to thee of the uncertainty of life, and of the 
things of time, and teach thee the necessity of securing 



260 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

a more permanent inheritance, even durable riches and 
righteousness. Endeavour to secure the favour of Hea- 
ven, and there is no doubt thou wilt obtain it in His 
own way and time. 

I thought it might be acceptable to thee to hear we 
have some prospect of placing thee with a wholesale 
merchant. I have also queried of a worthy mechanic, 
if he will take thee, which he seems disposed to do ; 
but thy father intends to see thee, and will let thee 
know more particularly. I have not heard from thy 
sister for several weeks, I have nothing more to add, 
but love to thy uncle Charles and aunt N., and a large 
share for thyself. From thy affectionate mother, 

• S. M. 



Baltimore, 3d Mo. 27th, 1797. 

My Dear R., 

When I last wrote to thee, I felt such an anxious de- 
sire to see thee, I thought I could not rest unless thou 
returned by the first opportunity. I had also let in 
discouraging thoughts respecting thee, particularly thy 
youth, and the need thou mightst be in of parental help, 
care, and authority. I have since received a letter from 
thy father, who seems to think thou hadst better remain 
where thou art some time longer ; but if hou have a 
choice in returning, the opportunity by J. T. and 
daughters is a favourable one. Should thy inclination 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 261 

lead thee to stay some time longer in Philadelphia, thou 
hast my permission. Consult thy friends there, and 
what they candidly think best, thou mayst do. 

J. T. expects to go for his daughters the first of next 
month, and will take the necessary care of thee if thou 
come with them. 

I am, as ever, thy affectionate Mother. 



4th Mo. 1797. 
My Dear R., 

The solicitude which appeared in thine per post, 
dated the 27th last month, and my permission by J. T. 
for thy longer stay, leave me little or no ground to ex- 
pect thee. Thou mentionest as arguments in favour of 
thy staying, thy content, thy learning those things 
which may prove useful to thee, and that thy cousin, 
P. M., thinks thou hadst better remain tillnext autumn. 
These are reasons which I confess act forcibly upon 
my mind. In the first place, thy content and happi- 
ness are what I desire more than my own satisfaction 
in having thee with me. Thy improvement in what- 
ever is right and fit for thee, is a consideration of im- 
portance ; and that cousin P. thinks thou hadst better 
stay till fall, affords a presumption that our kind friends 
are not so tired of thee as to wish thee away. The 
friendliness of their disposition toward thee I never 

doubted ; but I have had my fears that thy disposition 
23* 



262 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

to indulgence, and their backwardness to reprove thee, 
might tend to habits of idleness, and render thee bur- 
densome. As I know thou wilt not deceive me, let me 
know exactly how it is, what thou dost, whether thou 
be careful of thy own clothing, to keep it in order, &c. 

By a letter from cousin E., I find they wish thee to 
stay ; and as thou desirest it, I shall endeavour to sus- 
pend those anxious parental feelings, which at times so 
possess me, that I think I cannot longer endure thy ab- 
sence. However, as thy happiness and advantage by 
far overbalance any gratification of my own in regard 
to thyself, remember, my dear, it is with this hope and 
expectation that thou art improving, that I consent to 
thy stay ; and if at any time thou desire to return and 
thy friends approve it, the least intimation will suffice. 
1 have tolerable health. My love awaits all the family. 

From thy affectionate Mother. 



Baltimore, 5th Mo. 1st, 1797. 
Dear R., 

I received thine per L. T., and though I derived 
some satisfaction from the consideration of the bless- 
ings thou enjoyest, health, content, and divers other 
pleasing gratifications of life, yet I must confess I often 
feel concerned lest thou should not pay that humble 
gratitude to Him from whose bountiful hand every good 
proceeds ; or lest, instead of that, even his very bless- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 263 

ings should elevate thy mind, cause thee to forget him, 
and lead thy desires and affections after those short 
and unsubstantial enjoyments from which we are sure 
one day or other to be separated : and if we have ne- 
glected to secure that good part which shall not be 
taken from us, we shall have lived but for a poor end. 
Let not a day or an hour pass without thinking upon 
these things, and send thy aspirations to Him who 
sees the bent and intent of the heart, for strength and 
resolution, so to order thy conduct, that it may in- 
deed be said to be void of offence toward God and man, 
watching against pride, vanity, and all high-minded- 
ness, for they are dispositions which set us at a dis- 
tance from God our Maker, and with which his Holy 
Spirit cannot dwell : and it is my belief, that so far as 
we recede from the path of rectitude pointed out by the 
invisible Monitor, the light which enlightens all men, 
if we be ever made partakers of eternal happiness, we 
shall be recalled to the path from which we have erred, 
by bitter stripes and afflictions, to which the happiness 
we enjoyed by our deviation will bear no proportion. 

If, when I see thee, I should find thee vain, con- 
ceited, and proud, I shall think no attainment thou 
canst make, a compensation for that innocent simpli- 
city which, when I left thee, I thought thy best adorn- 
ment. 

Several of thy acquaintances were much disappointed 
that thou didst not return with J. T., but I am well 
satisfied that thou didst not ; and I hope thou wilt en- 



264 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

deavour to make good improvement of the opportunity 
thou hast of learning useful things, and not set thy mind 
too much upon the opportunity of pleasure which it af- 
fords thee : for the time may come, my dear child, when 
thou mayst have to experience quite different scenes^ 
and to have thy mind prepared to meet all events, the 
worst as well as best, thou wilt be better enabled to 
bear them with equanimity and firmness, be it which 
way it will. 

Thy father is makiag ready for an expedition to the 
western wilds, but how far I cannot tell : however, I 
am endeavouring to be, and am, in good measure, 
resigned, and desire to be preserved from repining at 
events and casualties, which the hopes of Christianity 
induce us to believe will terminate with this mode of 
existence, beyond which I often look with an eye of 
faith, for that felicity which this world affords not. 

I do not wish to cast a gloom over thy mind, but I 
desire thee to remember, that however fair and prom- 
ising thy morning sun may be, yet many a dark cloud 
may obscure it ere it shall sink below that horizon 
toward which we are all hastening : and be sure keep 
such a guard upon all thy conduct, that through all 
changes and vicissitudes, innocency and truth may be 
found in thee. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 265 

Baltimore, 5th Mo. 17th, 1797. 
My Dear R., 

I have deferred writing to thee longer than I wished, 
on account of the smallpox being in the family, lest 
thereby the infection might be communicated to some 
one that had not had it. I have assisted in nursing, so 
that indeed I have not had time to write since the re- 
ceipt of thine by S. M. 

So poor dear father Marshall is gone ! After paying 
a tribute of tears due to his memory, I have, with a 
mind awfully solemnized, frequently accompanied (men- 
tally) his freed spirit into those regions of beatitude, 
where, I have no doubt, he gained admittance through 
the efficacy of that love in which he had such hope and 
confidence ; but am sensible that my apprehensions 
must fall far short of the actual enjoyment. I also had 
sympathetic feelings with those who mourned the de- 
cease of dear Sarah Marshall. It is not long ere we 
shall know the mysteries of the spiritual world, by the 
same experience. 

The account of the sudden death of Mary Gray, with 
the occasion, was very affecting. How sad, that the 
pleasures and pursuits of this world too often obliterate 
from the memory, that we are daily obnoxious to acci- 
dent and death ; and that there is no back door whereby 
to escape, (however unprepared,) when the solemn 
messenger arrives ! 

I have lately had a pretty sharp spell of the pleu- 



266 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

risy, which occasioned much pain for several days. I 
wish, whenever it may be my lot to be removed from 
mutability, I may feel as perfectly resigned to go, as I 
did at that time ; but I have no doubt further refinement 
is needful for me, for which reason I may be continued 
a longer probationer. 

Thy father set out from Baltimore the third of this 
month for the west. If he can but please himself in a 
situation that will be likely to answer the purposes of 
life, I feel as willess in the choice, as to any views or 
interests of my own, as if I were not to have a being 
in it. Upon thy account, my child, I feel some solici- 
tude, and at times anxious thoughts; but when I am 
favoured to resign all things relative to the concerns of 
this life into the hands of Him who is the Ruler of 
events, I resign thee also. If any thing upon earth can 
raise my mind to a degree of gladness, it will be thy 
promotion and advancement in that which is truly valu- 
able, in things spiritual as well as temporal, and that 
thou mayst really possess every excellence the enligh- 
tened mind ought to aspire after ; which thou knowest, 
my child, will raise thy views and desires above those 
trifles which are but too apt to captivate the minds of 
unwary youth. I would wish thee to give matters of in- 
ferior moment their due place in thy attention ; but let 
those of lasting consequence ever have the supremacy 
in thy desires and pursuits ; so shalt thou draw down 
upon thy head the blessing promised to those who seek 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 267 

first the Kingdom of Heaven and the righteousness 
thereof. 

Do not omit writing very soon to thy affectionate 
mother, S. M. 



Baltimore, 6th Mo. 19th, 1797. 
Dear R., 

I have written several letters to thee since I received 
any bearing thy signature, but not doubting thou art 
anxious to hear from thy father, I can now inform 
thee he has returned after having performed a tour of 
more than one thousand miles. He found some things 
he liked, and others that he disliked. The lime-stone 
water did not agree with him, and he is now so poorly 
that it will take him some time to recruit his strength : 
he then proposes to pay a second visit to Muncy, to see 
what he can do there. I feel so desirous that he should 
fix upon some place of residence, that I think I could 
be contented to live with him and my children, even at 
the Cape of Good Hope. I want much to hear from 
thee ; a mother's heart has many anxieties. I hope my 
dear child thou art aware of the importance of forming 
correct habits. Many things press upon my mind re- 
specting thy deportment in life. Let plain, open sin- 
cerity ever stand pre-eminent in all thy words and 
actions, nor mar thy dignity as a rational accountable 
being, by affected gestures, and airs of sickly sensibility. 



268 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

I have seen those who scrupled not to wound the feel- 
ings of others by words and deeds of unkindness, appa- 
rently overcome by the entrapment of a mouse, or the 
submersion of a kitten. Avoid all distorted benevolence, 
my dear. Direct thy endeavours to attain those sub- 
stantial virtues which enrich the mind with fruits of 
love to God and man ; then will consistency mark thy 
conduct, and peace dwell in thy bosom. I am as ever 
thy affectionate mother. S. Mason. 



EXTRACT. 

1797. 

" Lord, who shall abide in thy Tabernacle ? who 
shall dwell in thy holy hill ?" In the responses of the 
Royal Psalmist to interrogatories made to his own heart, 
we find recorded the following requisites. " He that 
backbiteth not with his tongue, nor doeth evil to his 
neighbour, nor taketh up a reproach against his neigh- 
bour." 

I believe the indulgence of a disposition to defamation 
has blighted many a fair and promising plant, designed 
to beautify the vineyard of the Lord, and to yield fruit 
to his glory. Were we carefully to examine its effect 
upon our own minds, we should undoubtedly discover 
that the missile of malice aimed at another had rebound- 
ed, and its poison was rankling in our own veins, sap- 
ping our strength and impeding our progress toward 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 269 

holiness, without which, " no man can see the Lord." 
Whilst the objects of our vituperation, unconscious of 
the guilt imputed to them are pursuing a course of rec- 
titude, not warped by good report nor by evil report, 
but enjoying that peace with God which the world can- 
not give, neither can it take away. Our blessed Sa- 
viour in his memorable sermon on the Mount, pro- 
nounced a blessing upon the peace-makers. Are we 
pressing after this blessing? Do we desire to be num- 
bered among the children of the Most High ? Then let 
us be vigilantly on- the Watch, and we shall find the 
enemies of our houses or hearts the most potent, and 
till the strong-man armed be bound down by the power 
of an endless life begun and carried on in ourselves, we 
have no right to impugn the motives of others. " First 
cast the beam out of thine own eye." " God is love," 
and every disposition which is not sanctified by his 
spirit cannot work his works. Our days are few and 
fleeting, our bond to terrestrials slender as " the spider's 
most attenuated web." Let none " presume upon to» 
morrow's dawn :" but awake thou that sleepest in 
carnal security and call upon thy God. He will give 
thee strength and resolution to combat and overcome 
every foe to his righteous government in and over thee, 
and thou wilt find in the line of thy own experience, 
that the clean handed grow stronger and stronger, and 
thy mind attuned to harmony can unite in the angelic 
anthem, " Glory to God in the highest, on earth peace 

and good will to men." 
24 



270 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

Baltimore, 8th Mo. 18th, 1797. 

Thy feelings, my dear R., I observe to be very de- 
licate. I cannot say I was displeased to find thy sen- 
sibilities somewhat nice upon such important points. 
Truth, justice, and honour, to these I would have thee 
pay due attention in all thy movements through life, 
even upon small and trivial occasions, but let it be 
without dissimulation or affectation, with which I by no 
means charge thee, but only mention as caution and 
advice. 

Thy happiness and advantage are to me matters of 
great moment ; I wish them far more earnestly than I 
do my own, nor could I be easy to omit any thing in 
my power that I thought would contribute thereto : but 
much depends upon thy own prudence and conduct. 
I wish thee to exercise the former upon every occasion, 
and be guarded in the latter, nor let any one instance 
of unguarded conduct wound thy peace upon mature 
reflection. Be sure keep thy mind humble, and let no 
loftiness of thought or expectation upon any account 
elevate thee above that lowly self-abased dependence 
upon Him, who in early life has given thee to see that 
many and deep trials await our passage through this 
world, but there are none so deep and hard to bear as 
those we occasion by our own imprudence. 

"What comes to pass which we could not avoid by 
any precaution of our own, we can more easily summon 
fortitude and resignation to support, than when we our- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSA.NNA MASON. 271 

selves form the rod that corrects us. Accustom thyself 
to ponder these things, endeavour the best thou canst 
and often request the protection and assistance of Him 
who only is able to keep thy feet from sliding and to 
direct thee in the way thou shouldst go, to meet the 
good and to shun the evil that may cross thy path- 
way through life. 

With dear love to all the family, and much to thy- 
self, I remain, as ever, thy anxious mother, 

S. M. 



EUicoWs Mills, 9th Mo. 1797. 
My Dear Child, 

Thy letter dated the 23d of last month, with cousin 
E.'s appendix was acceptable, and its contents were 
very satisfactory. It is always pleasant to me to hear 
of our dear friend's care and attention toward thee, and 
of a corresponding improvement on thy part. 

Whilst thou art satisfied to stay, and they are willing 
to extend a watchful eye over thee, I think I shall not 
request thy return ; at least not before we shall have 
fixed upon some place to locate our family. But thy 
father must take his own time, I trust he is doing for 
the best, and that Infinite Wisdom will ere long deter- 
mine the bounds of our habitation. Thy brother, cou- 
sin E. Snowden, and myself, are now at Ellicott's 
Mills, on our way to Baltimore, where I do not pur- 



272 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

pose remaining long, but shall return to South River. 
I have not yet been in the neighbourhood where the 
most of our relations reside, and who appear very de- 
sirous I should pass some time with them. 

I intend to see thee in Philadelphia pretty directly 
after our Yearly Meeting, unless some conclusion of 
thy father should turn the scale another way. If I should 
find that thou hast given thy mind to vanity, instead of 
treasuring up that knowledge which will qualify thee 
for usefulness upon the stage of mortality, then indeed 
shall I be disappointed. Let no phantom of pleasure 
lure thee from a strict adherence to the law of the 
Lord written upon the tablets of thine heart. It is a 
law that will initiate every one that is dedicated there- 
unto into the gifts and graces of his Spirit. This is 
the adornment I desire for thee, my child — that thou 
mayst be clothed with a meek and quiet spirit, which 
in the sight of God is a pearl of great price. 

Accept thy mother's love, and remember that her 
aspirations are often directed to the Throne of Grace 
for thy preservation from evil, and for thy advancement 
in all things connected with thy present and thy eternal 
well-being* 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 273 

Patuxent 10th Mo. 28th, 1797. 
My Dear Rachel, 

A tolerable degree of resignation to the many trying 
events of Time, which, no doubt in wisdom, are per- 
mitted to be my allotment in this my pilgrimage state, 
lias in good measure preserved me from giving way to 
much fruitless anxiety on thine and our dear friends 
account with whom thou art, through a season so prov- 
ing as the alarming visitation must have been to you 
and others in the city, and to those who left it on that 
account. Many and frequent have been my serious re- 
flections respecting you, and my aspirations for your 
preservation have been fervent. To a mind warmed as 
mine is with all the ardour of sincere friendship and affec- 
tion, it is hard to restrain impatience to see, or at least 
hear from you. It is now about three weeks since thy 
father set out for the North Western Territory. I can- 
not say I see or feel any thing respecting it, but resig- 
nation, and a belief that corroborates with the testimony 
and experience of many tried servants, that those who 
steadfastly put their trust in and under the shadow of 
the Divine Wing shall be preserved, whatever they may 
have to encounter in their pilgrimage through this world. 
I know not how to speak my gratitude and affection to 
our beloved friends for their care and kindness toward 
thee. The last instance of dear cousin P.'s sympathy 
as expressed in a letter from her daughter E., which 

was written to prevent my entertaining any uneasy or 

24* 



274 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

discouraging thoughts on thy account, I have often re- 
membered. 

From the overflowing of my mind I could say much, 
but it is needless. In despite of all my magnanimity, 
gloomy thoughts respecting thee will sometimes enter. 
Write, I desire thee, (and if it be so) let me know that 
thou art alive and well and the same of the rest of the 
family. 

I hope, my dear child, thou wilt endeavour to improve 
in those things which are of lasting consequence, seeing 
the shortness of Time and the uncertainty of every 
worldly blessing, how liable we stand to be separated 
from them, or they from us ; and if we have not placed 
our hopes and dependence upon something more sub- 
stantial, when a time of trial comes, which will over- 
take us sooner or later, what poor beings we shall be, 
and to how little purpose shall we have lived 1 whereas 
if time and opportunity have been improved to the best 
of our ability, whether long or short, great or small, it 
will be to us a glorious thing that we have undergone 
a state of probation here. 

If ever I should be so happy as to see thee, which I 
hope for ere long, I shall enroll it among my most pe- 
culiar blessings and comforts, to find thy young mind 
engaged in the pursuit of that substance which endureth, 
or like Mary, is choosing that good part which shall 
not be taken from thee. 

Thy aunt and cousins are in tolerable health, and 
desire thee to write to them. I do not know that any 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 275 

of thy acquaintances in Baltimore have died with the 
fever, though it has swept off numbers of all ages. By 
accounts it has nearly subsided there. It would be a 
great satisfaction to me to hear Philadelphia was quite 
clear of this malady. 

I have more love than I have words to set forth, 
to cousins C. P. and all the family in which respect- 
able number is included R. Mason, by her affection- 
ate mother, 

S. Mason. 



llth Mo. 14th, 1797. 
My Dear R., 

My patience on the occasion of not hearing from you 
for such a length of time, has never been so nearly ex- 
hausted as at the present period since I last saw thee. 
Though I cannot say I am under much concern on thy 
account, yet I desire exceedingly to hear from you after 
such a storm,* and whether, under the shelter of the 

* " In consequence of the yellow fever, which prevailed in 
Philadelphia in the autumn of 1797, the intercourse between that 
and neighbouring cities was interdicted, and among the in- 
habitants who sought safety in flight, was the family with whom 
I sojourned. Baltimore, soon after, being visited by the same 
calamity, my parents retired to the country, and we were kept 
in trying suspense respecting each other's welfare for many 
weeks." 



276 memoirs or susanna mason, 

Divine Wing, you have not been reserved for further 
usefulness in your day and generation. As for thee, 
my child, I do not suppose thou hast as yet been of 
any great use in the world, but as thou hast under- 
standing to know that there is some sphere of useful- 
ness upon the stage of life designed for every one that 
is placed upon it, I hope thou wilt endeavour to emu- 
late every good example thou mayst have the op- 
portunity of, and make a proper use of those seasons 
which may be put in thy power, nor let a day nor an 
hour pass without making some progress in some 
attainment, either mental or external, that may be 
likely to tend to thy future advantage. 

Do not defer writing, for though it often feels to me 
to be the will and good pleasure of Him who knows 
what is best for us, to appoint unto me a season of 
weaning from all visible enjoyments, yet the ties of 
nature are strong, and however resigned to so long a 
separation from thee, still my love to thee is as fervent 
as if I were with and saw thee daily. 

Farewell, my dear child; endeavour to deserve the 
Divine blessing, and thou wilt assuredly experience a 
continuance thereof. 

Thy affectionate mother, 

S. M. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 277 

Baltimore, Uth Mo. 21s/, 1797. 
My Dear Cousin, E. M. 

I have long been a proficient in the school of pa- 
tience, but I am not yet so entirely perfected as to be 
exempt from anxious feelings on particular occasions. 
Though I have heard nothing to contradict that you are 
all well, and replaced in your former situation in the 
city, yet to be confirmed of this by a few lines would 
remove a considerable share of solicitude, of which, I 
think, I cannot be divested till I receive the desired 
tidings. I believe, my dear cousin, thou hast sufficient 
affection to relieve me, and I hope it may not be long 
before it be effected. 

My letter to R., a few days since, informed that her 
father had not yet returned. I am fearful he and Co. 
will suffer on their journey back, as it is uncommonly 
cold for the season. A number of the young women 
here, induced by the calls of suffering humanity, are 
willing to organize themselves into a body, for the pur- 
pose of relieving from the pressure of adversity those 
who are bending under its burden. The matter is not 
yet matured further than to take down the names of 
those we think suitable to co-operate in our plans, and 
a few have been selected to wait upon them with the 
proposition. As they depend upon me in settling the 
preliminaries, I should like a sketch of your first ope- 
rations ; also the rules by which you are guided ; they 



278 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

may cast light upon the subject, and be of considerable 
use to novices. 

Thou canst scarcely imagine how sincerely and ar- 
dently I desire to see you. I have forgotten Rachel 
entirely, as to her form or figure. Believe me, I do 
not remember her appearance in any way, very little 
more than if I had never seen her — though I think of 
her daily, perhaps hourly when not asleep. In my 
dreams I have never seen her but once, and then she 
did not appear to be the same person I had known her 
to be. 

I know not, my dear cousin, for what purpose I am 
to be so thoroughly weaned from the world, and all, 
even its lawful -enjoyments and satisfactions. I some- 
times think my situation resembles the opening of the 
sixth seal, as described by Job Scott. If so, as 1 con- 
tinue in the faith and patience, I may in due time hope to 
experience the opening of the seventh. Your kindness to 
my dear R., I hope will be placed to a good account on 
your behalf, when a reckoning respecting your steward- 
ship shall be called for. That her conduct whilst under 
your care may be such as to give you no uneasiness, 
but on the contrary afford you every satisfaction, is the 
desire of thy affectionate cousin, 

Susanna Mason, 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 279 

Baltimore, 12th Mo. 1797. 
Dear R., 

I doubt not thou art anxious to hear from thy beloved 
parents. I should have written to thee ere this, but I 
waited till I could ascertain, with some certainty, what 
to inform thee. 

Thy father & Co. have returned from their north 
western expedition, so well pleased with the country, 
as to come to a result to repair thither again in the 
spring, in order to prepare for the reception of their 
families. I cannot, my child, help having a hope, that 
through the favour and continued mercy of Him who 
wounds to heal, kills to cure, and breaks down that he 
may build up again upon a more sure and safe founda- 
tion, that we may yet experience comfortable days in 
a family capacity. But, however tossed and troubled 
we may be, may our faith and dependence upon the 
Divine Arm of support never fail. For certain it is, 
his whole goodness stands bound to help and succour 
those who have no helper but him only, and who look 
not for enjoyment but in his favour and blessing. That 
this may be our case, is the earnest petition of thy af- 
fectionate mother. 

I wrote to cousin E. some weeks since, respecting 
the rules adopted by the Benevolent Society in Phila- 
delphia. I thought they might be useful, in forming a 
similar institution here, which is progressing. I have 
written an introduction to the business, and we are to 



280 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

meet at Elisha Tyson's, next Seventh day afternoon, 
for the first time. 

My dear love awaits thee and thy kind protectors 
and friends, with whom thou art. May the blessing 
that maketh rich, and whereunto no sorrow is added, be 
your individual portion, is the closing salutation of thy 
affectionate mother, S. M. 



Baltimore, 2d Mo. 5th, 1798. 
Dear R., 

This is the first day of Quarterly Meeting, and I am 
sitting in a room at my friend James Carey's, surround- 
ed by a large collection of the old and the young, all 
busily engaged in conversation on various subjects, 
which makes it difficult to collect my thoughts, or ar- 
range them in order fit to be seen upon paper. But 
hearing that J. Cope intends to leave for Philadelphia 
to-morrow, I thought I would not omit enforcing, by 
my own example, what I have repeatedly pressed thee 
to observe, which is, to let me hear frequently from thee. 
But I do not find that my example or solicitations are 
sufficiently regarded. I wish thee to bear in mind, that 
thy duty to thy parents stands paramount to any sacri- 
fice thou canst make in lieu thereof; and I shall expect 
my care over thy helpless infancy and heedless child- 
hood, to be rewarded with a ready attention to all my 
requisitions. Thou hast not often given me cause to 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON* 281 

complain, except in the particular I have here noted, 
and I am not disposed to let it pass unreproved. Let 
me assure thee, my dear child, that sooner or later, 
every wound inflicted on the parental heart, will be an 
arrow in thine own. Then be vigilant, lest the enemy 
in some false guise, lure thee from happiness. Remem- 
ber thy Creator in the days of thy youth, and he will 
be thy shield through every peril and deep conflict, that 
may be thy portion in days to come. 
Thy mother's love awaits thee. 



To E. M., Philadelphia. 

Baltimore, 5th Mo. 26th, 1798. 

Thy conjecture was right, my dear cousin, that my 
R's company has, in some measure, cheered my soli- 
tude. I call it solitude, because there are situations of 
mind wherein we feel solitary and alone, though in the 
midst of company, Which is often my experience. I 
find R's improvement every way equal to my expecta- 
tion, especially in regard to her deportment in compa- 
ny. I hope her long sojourn with you will prove to 
her advantage ; she has been very respectfully treated, 
and her society sought for by many here, but there is a 
modest reserve in her manner which excludes too much 
familiarity with any ; this, for one young as she is, is 

the most prudent. 
25 



282 MEMOIRS OF STJSANNA MASON. 

I would willingly write thee a long letter, if I thought 
it would tend to thy satisfaction, but to me there is no 
new thing under the sun ; time gradually steals away 
without much change or variety, and as to the things of 
this world, I feel very little of hope or fear ; if I have 
but tolerable health, I am neither elevated nor depress- 
ed. I am sometimes led to compare this my evening, 
with the morning and noon of life, when my sensi- 
bilities were often wrought up to the highest pitch. 
There is indeed variety of care and trouble, or circum- 
stances that would once have occasioned it to be such 
in my allotment in life, as also some occurrences that 
would have given me pleasure, but now they are so 
much alike that I scarcely feel sensible of one or the 
other ; and so little do I know, that I am sometimes at 
a loss to determine whether I am most of a stoic or a 
Christian ; but this I know, if it please Him who has 
the hearts of all men in his hands, and can turn them 
as a man turneth the water courses in his fields, that 
he can quicken our feelings, and cause the most acute 
sensations of pain or pleasure, so that we know not 
how soon our state may be changed. 

I am, with sincere affection for thy dear parents, bro- 
ther and sisters, thy cousin, 

Susanna Mason. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 283 



To C. and P. M. and Family. 

Baltimore, 10th Mo. 26th, 1798. 

It is with much satisfaction I embrace the present 
opportunity of saluting you, my beloved cousins, who, 
I have been informed, are still in the land of the living. 

Whilst I daily read in our papers of such numbers 
consigned to the grave by a pestilential fever, a fear 
arises that some of the family most dear to me of all 
others in your afflicted city, may be included in the 
next account, but I am thankful you have so far es- 
caped. I doubt not it has been a melancholy time to 
you, as well as to many others, with whom I have 
nearly sympathized. This place never experienced a 
more healthful season than through the last summer. 
Why we have escaped a like visitation, I cannot ascribe 
to any other cause, than the merciful interposition of 
Divine Providence. 

My health in general is tolerably good, though I 
have lately had about six chills, succeeded by fever, 
but they have not prevented me from attending to my 
home duties. 

I believe, my dear cousins, it will give you pleasure 
to find that I am still enabled to stem the mighty tor- 
rent, and have been borne up through the boisterous 
waves that have passed over my head as one devoted 
to destruction. At present, my greatest enjoyment is, 
that I have not any uncommon troubles to contend 



284 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

with. Tolerable health, the competency within my 
reach, children healthy, dutiful, and respected, seem 
nearly all I could wish for, or expect from the world. 

My husband is still in the western country, where 
he has made some purchases of land and put in a crop ; 
what else he may determine upon I cannot tell. I find 
my health of body, and peace of mind depend much 
upon perfect resignation — thankful for present favours, 
without anticipating future events. 

I expect R. will write to you. With dear love to 
all, I am your cousin, S. M. 



South River, 10th Mo. 10th, 1800. 

No doubt, my dear children, you have thought your 
mother neglectful in not writing to inform you of her 
state of health. I can now tell you I am recover- 
ing, though it is but slowly ; I was confined to my bed 
twelve days with a remitting fever, and the first time I 
went out, staying rather late in the evening, I took a 
cold, and the chills and fever returned for several days. 
Since, I have been a little about in the neighbourhood, 
but felt too weak to enjoy it ; however, for a few days 
past I have been stronger and have a pretty good appe- 
tite. I have spent about four weeks with our kind re- 
latives at South River : to-morrow I expect to return to 
cousin John Snowden's, where I have received every 
affectionate attention I could desire : should an opportu- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 285 

nity offer I shall gladly embrace it to spend a week in 
Montgomery. 

You can hardly imagine how ardently I desire to see 
you once more, and to be some where near the atmo- 
sphere of Baltimore ; the accounts we hear from there 
are sorrowful. I confess nothing but my strong en- 
deavour after resignation and composure of mind, pre- 
serves me from great depression of spirits, which at 
times are scarcely sufficient to bear me up. Let me be 
where I may, or in whatever company, distressed Bal- 
timore predominates' in my thoughts, so that my own 
indisposition added to the affecting remembrance of the 
poor inhabitants in the city, have prevented the satis- 
faction I might otherwise have participated among my 
friends and relations. Your father is on a visit to his 
brothers James and John, and was in good health when 
he left me. 

Upon thy account my dear R. I have not been uneasy, 
nor once wished thee with me, believing thou couldst 
not be more pleasantly situated than with our friends 
Elias and M. Ellicott. I feel as much obliged to them 
for their kindness to thee, as if conferred upon myself, 
and having a pretty good opinion of thy prudence, 
hoped that propriety would mark thy conduct. 

As soon as I shall have heard the yellow fever has 
abated in town, I shall try to join you at the Mills and 
spend a week there. It is long since I heard from you : 
a few lines will be gladly received by your affectionate 
mother, S. M. 

25* 



286 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 



Baltimore,. 1801. 
My Dear R., 

I have just received thy letter. I shall be glad when 
circumstances and thy inclination suit thee to return. 
The weather is warm and I miss thee much. I hope, 
however, a favourable change will soon take place, 
when I shall anticipate thy speedy return. Were I in 
possession of the news of the day, it would scarcely be 
worth repeating. The common topics of conversation 
seldom rise above the concerns of this life. I have often 
wondered why it is, that so many of the candidates for 
bliss beyond the grave should so carelessly glide down 
the stream of time, amusing themselves with the straws 
and bubbles floating upon its surface, reckless of the 
awful consequences of mooring, light freighted in the 
harbour of eternity. I feel that it is needful for me to 
be watchful, to be diligent, lest in the day of final ac- 
count these dread tidings should appertain unto me, 
" Thou art weighed in the balance and found wanting." 

It is seldom, my dear child, that my mind is divested 
of solicitude on thy account. Thou art daily thrown 
into the way of temptation, to wander into by-ways and 
crooked paths ; but remember, that there is no other 
medium of access to that Kingdom, "where the right- 
eous shall shine as the sun," than through the straight 
gate and the narrow way. Seek the favour of Heaven 
by a life of self-denial in all those things which stand 
adverse to the humility, the meekness, the gentleness, 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 287 

and the long forbearance which distinguish every genu- 
ine disciple of the Lord Jesus, for however high our 
professions, if we have not his spirit we are none of his. 
Thou wilt find this mutable scene replete with trials, 
but when rightly appreciated, they are messengers of 
mercy sent from God to invite the soul to seek in him 
its strength, its treasures. If we accept the call, then 
however dense the clouds may roll over our heads, 
however loud the tempests of time may howl in our 
ears, yet these quickly pass away, and the consoling 
conviction that we'have a building sure, a house eternal 
in the Heavens prepared for us, will be our glorious 
reward. 

I am, as ever, thy affectionate 

Mother. 



" I have inserted the following letter, as a specimen 
of the cheerful pleasantry that continued with her 
through all the saddening realities of human life. Nor 
did she deem it incompatible with the dignity of a 
Christian, occasionally to unbend her mind to meet the 
vivacity of those, whose feet were still pressing the 
verdure of Spring, and whose perspective of the future 
was taken, whilst the bright tints of a morning sun 
were gilding every surrounding object. To these, re- 
ligion appears more lovely when it is arrayed in smiles, 



288 MEMOIRS Of SUSANNA MASON. 

and blended with those social virtues that ever tend to 
promote the happiness of others." 

Baltimore, 1802. 
My Dear R., at Willow Grove, 

If thou desire to come home, come; if thou desire 
to stay — stay, till further orders from me ; that is, if 
our friends be willing to keep thee. 

The musquetoes are as voracious as ever. When I 
hear their hostile din about my ears, I am ready to ima- 
gine that the malicious King of the infernal regions has 
sent forth his minions in the form of emmets, to tor- 
ment the human race. I fight against them till I am 
weary, but they only exult at my impotent rage ; and 
if I get any rest at all, it is attained by retreating within 
the entrenchment of the sheets, whence the intense 
heat often expels me, and again exposes me to their 
envenomed stings. This kind of nocturnal combat ren- 
ders me so weak the succeeding day, that I am hardly 
able to bear my own weight. Thy father is nearly in 
the same situation. But with the aid of old Nanny, we 
make out to live, though thou art not with us. I am in 
hopes, however, that ere long, old Eolus will open a 
north-west passage for the winds, in order to fan our 
parched city with a cooling breeze. 

Being absent when thou departed from home with 
our friend, I do not know whether thou be supplied 
with work ; but if he go out this afternoon, I intend to 
send thee some. Thou wilt perceive that it was an 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 289 

outside covering which I wish transmuted into another 
form. Be sure, then, to observe the following direc- 
tions : In the first place, reverse the sides ; in the next, 
transpose the ends ; in the next, connect the pieces ; 
these done, take a tepid triangular piece of iron and 
smooth it all over ; then complete it by putting a hem 
on one extremity and a binding on the other. 

I have nothing more to communicate just now, than 
my consent to prolong thy stay, if agreeable to thy 
wishes, and a request that thou and Mary let me know 
how you spend your time, by transmitting an account 
to me upon paper. 

I remain yours, affectionately, S. M. 



Baltimore, 6th Mo. 7th, 1802. 
My Dear R., 

I thought it would be pleasant to thee to hear that 
my health has continued tolerably good since thou left 
me. I wish thee to share every innocent enjoyment 
that the present opportunity may furnish, but remem- 
ber my dear, that " sobriety is the strength of the soul, 
for it preserves its reason unclouded by passion." 

Nature at this season is an apt emblem of the present 
period of thy life ; and to a re fleeting mind many objects 
are presented, fraught with instruction, which, I hope 
may not pass unobserved by thee. 

On various subjects important to thy welfare, my 



290 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

counsel has not been withheld ; and a sanguine hope 
cheers me that it has not been bestowed in vain. But 
there is another subject that I have not often touched 
upon, on which, as thou art now brought more into 
contact with the world, and as yet art a novice in its 
wiles, I feel it incumbent upon me to offer a few hints, 
which may serve as way -marks to shape thy course 
over this sea of peril, when, perhaps, my feeble bark 
may no longer float upon its turbulent waves. 

Think not every one thy friend who flatters thy vanity, 
and professes to love thee, but test her sincerity by her 
conduct toward others, who share her favours and her 
protestations of affection. If, in their absence, she 
dwells upon their faults, and is prone to speak lightly 
of her intimates, trust her not with thy confidence, for 
she will assuredly betray thee. 

"Friends grow not thick on every bough, 
Nor every friend unrotten at the core." 

I am aware that friendship is a hackneyed theme; 
its virtues have been reiterated from generation to gene- 
ration, by the joyous in heart, and the inexperienced in 
the school of adversity. When power, wealth, and in- 
fluence are casting their dazzling lustre over the cha- 
racter, then friends, like insects over a flowery mead, 
flutter around to sip the honeyed nectar of popular fa- 
vour ; and like these, retire when the sun of prosperity is 
sinking below the horizon. 

To take human nature in the aggregate, this, my dear, 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 291 

is not a distorted picture, but still many honourable ex- 
ceptions may be found ; friends, who neither moved to 
envy by good report, nor shaken from their fidelity by 
evil report, stand firm through all the diversities pecu- 
liar to this mutable scene. When thou hast found a 
friend, candid, open, and sincere, never desert thy post 
in a trying hour, but ever be ready to plead the cause of 
the oppressed. A word in season will sometimes ward 
off the weapons of the ingrate, and cause malice and 
contumely to shrink into silence. 

I wish thee to act wisely, to walk circumspectly ; 
endeavour to form a correct standard in thy judgment 
of things, avoid all high-toned, extravagant expressions 
and exclamations upon trivial matters, they do not com- 
port with the gentle in spirit, the refined in manners. 
And in thy epistolary communications, be not lavish 
in professions of ever enduring friendship, nor clothe 
in the sombre hue of wearisomeness and languor of 
spirits, the hours of separation from those who are dear 
to thee. 

To a rational reflecting mind, nature opens a wide 
volume ; thy heart presents a book replete with ob- 
jects of the deepest interest to thy present and future 
being. Turn to these in thy leisure moments, become 
acquainted with thyself — and "through nature, lookup 
to nature's God." He will enlighten thy eyes, He will 
teach thee wisdom, He will open to thee the treasures 
of his love, and instead of being dependent upon others 



292 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

for enjoyment, retirement will be thy delight and thou 
wilt never find thyself " less alone than when alone." 

Nothing new has occurred to acquaint thee with; 
nothing but just the common occurrences of life. Some 
marriages, some burials, some sinking, some rising as 
the wheel of fortune, as it is often termed, rolls around. 
These claim the wonder of the day ; to-morrow some- 
thing new succeeds, and the things of yesterday are 
forgotten, and unless I find myself affected in sympathy 
with some friend and relation, they soon pass from my 
remembrance. 

A letter from thee will be acceptable to thy affection* 
ate mother, S. Mason. 



To H. 0., Philadelphia. 

Baltimore, 1803. 

I acquiesce with thee, my dear cousin, that a pleasing 
sensation accompanies the reception of a letter from a 
friend we love. But either through a torpidity which 
creeps over us as we advance in years, or in conse- 
quence of the various turnings and overturnings, both 
outwardly and mentally, that I have experienced, I find 
the exquisite sensibility which I once possessed, in re- 
spect to pleasing or unpleasing events, very much dimi- 
nished. Though in the place thereof, I feel a more 
substantial impression, that is not so easily effaced by 
the presentation of new objects. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 293 

I was pleased to find thy observations and expe- 
rience in life had furnished thee with so just a concep- 
tion of things ; for indeed, (as thou hast observed,) 
" The vicissitudes of each day are sufficient to convince 
us that there is no permanent happiness here." My 
sentiments are in unison with that eminent minister, 
Samuel Fothergill, that we can have no lasting peace 
till we submit to the rules of the everlasting gospel, and 
through their virtues are brought into a holy conformity 
to the Heavenly Teacher. To seek for it in any other 
way, or upon any other terms, is labour in vain. 

I dearly love our relations whose case thou hast 
mentioned. They have often occupied my thoughts, 
from my younger years up to the present day. I have 
considered them a family peculiarly favoured by the 
kind Author of good. Exempt from arrogance and 
self-attribution, they possess those qualities which have 
rendered them a blessing to many. The abundance 
they possessed appeared to be rightly placed in their 
hands. When I reflect how much of their time was 
spent in seeking out and relieving the children of ad- 
versity, I feel a sanguine hope that they will not suffer 
more from this adverse stroke than is necessary for 
their further refinement. 

Their visit to Baltimore was to me as an exhilarating 

cordial. I spent as much time with them as I could. 

The morning they left us, I went to take leave of them. 

I never before was so affected on the like occasion. 

My feelings were most keen and portentous, which I 
26 



294 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

construed into a presentiment that they and I should 
never meet more.* 

My ardent wish for them is, that Divine help, 
strength, and consolation, equal to every conflict, may 
be afforded them. 

Thine affectionately, S. M. 



To C. AND P. M. 

Baltimore, 4th Mo. 1804. 

Such have been the feelings of my mind with and 
for you my endeared relatives, since I heard of your 
trial, that though you have become doubly dear to me, 
yet I have found myself incapable of acting otherwise 
than as a silent sympathizer, often breathing to the 
only fountain of all true succour, that His arm of Divine 
consolation and support might be underneath to sustain 
and comfort you, and that His presence might be so 
sensibly experienced as to lessen, and in due time take 
away the force of affliction, and render life's bitter 
draught salutary and useful. I am no stranger to the 
bitter cup, and many and varied, have been the trials 
that have attended me through a considerable part of 
my life ; many of which are unknown to any, save 
Him who sees the secret recesses of every heart; and 
though my pathway is still arduous, yet upon retro- 

* It was their last interview on earth. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 295 

spection, I am "thankful for all, but most for the se- 
vere," being sensible it has been best adapted to my 
real advantage. 

I believe it to be consistent with the designs of Him 
who hath seen meet thus to checker this present state 
of being, that we should deeply and sensibly feel the 
afflictive part; though from experience, I know it is 
hard to bear, and under the pressure thereof I have 
sometimes been ready to query, " can any good result 
from it?" perhaps the omission or commission of some 
trifling circumstance might have prevented it. 

It now occurs to me, having had ten weeks' illness, 
wherein my pains of body and mind were often beyond 
description, during which time my faith, hope, and 
confidence were so closely tried, that I was, at times, 
ready to doubt the omniscience and omnipresence of a 
Deity ; and I thought I was such a worthless creature, 
that he did not deign to regard me with that fatherly 
care with which he did the more deserving of his 
workmanship ; but whether I may not presume too 
highly upon this dispensation of the Almighty toward 
me, I cannot tell ; but I have since been ready to con- 
clude it was a season, wherein (according to my mea- 
sure) I experienced the opening of the sixth seal. 

If we can be so far favoured as to receive trials as 
coming primarily from the hand of God, let the se- 
condary cause be what it may, and be endued with 
strength to labour for resignation and dependence upon 
that bounty which cares for the sparrow, I have no 



296 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

doubt but all things will work together for good, and it 
will be found by happy experience that " afflictions 
spring not out of the ground," but "are blessings in 
disguise," which so far from being marks of Divine dis- 
pleasure, are proofs of our being of the number of the 
favoured and legitimate children of the Most High ; for 
it is through trials he causeth us to tread in the foot- 
steps of our Great Leader and his flock. 

I feel it unnecessary to say much. You are sur- 
rounded by friends to whom you are deservedly dear; 
they will (I speak without doubt) afford you every con- 
solation in their power ; but among them all, rest as- 
sured that none will be found possessed of more love 
and sympathy toward you than your unaltered friend 
and relation, 

S. Mason. 



Baltimore, 3d Mo, 30th, 1805. 
To E. M., 

I perused thy letter, my dear cousin, with a melan- 
choly kind of satisfaction, such as the circumstances of 
your case are calculated to excite in the bosom of a 
friend. It caused me to look around upon the situa- 
tions of a number of my acquaintances, who sat out in 
life under the sunshine of prosperity, many of whose 
days have since been clouded by trouble and adversity. 
I have been thinking whether they suffer most, who 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 297 

see the stroke inevitable, a considerable time before it 
arrive, or those upon whom it falls suddenly and unex- 
pectedly. I have experienced something of the former, 
and believe both to be very hard for poor mortals to 
bear ; but endure it we must, when it falls to our lot. 
We cannot flee nor get from under it, in our own way 
and time. When the cup may not pass from us, we 
can do nothing better than endeavour to be resigned. 

" By resignation we defeat the worst that can annoy, 
And suffer with far more repose than worldlings can enjoy." 

I was much pleased to hear thy dear parents had 
supported their trial with considerable fortitude and 
composure. The feelings of the younger part of the 
family must be more acute than theirs. The prospect 
that they may have more days to live in this world, 
wherein they might do good with the blessings of 
wealth, and enjoy them longer, doubtless aggravates 
their distress. But my dear creatures, you must en- 
deavour to become resigned. Providence is all-suffi- 
cient. You may yet be as happy as if this adversity 
had never befallen you : if not, who shall presume to 
say to the All-wise Disposer of events, " what doest 
thou ?" 

I am no enthusiast respecting dreams, but several 

times of late, I have had such concerning your family, 

as have caused pleasing sensations to rest upon my 

mind after I awoke. Thy dear father was particularly 

distinguished ; I saw him, at three different times, in a 
26* 



298 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

large assembly of serious, good-looking people ; he did 
not appear younger than he is, but was more beautiful, 
graceful, and dignified, than I can describe, and he al- 
ways recognised me in the company. 

I know not that these dreams imply any thing more 
than that you are frequently in my thoughts by day, 
with this difference : when mentally with you in my 
wakeful hours, I feel anxiety ; when in dreams of the 
night, a solemn sweetness rests upon my mind. 

My health has been very poor through the win- 
ter, and my cough worse than usual. I have had a 
sore throat for the last six weeks, which renders the 
cough very distressing. I can take no rest at night, 
but under the effect of laudanum, which is very dis- 
tressing to me ; but I hope to decline the use of it 
when my throat gets better. 

If my family could spare me, I should be very happy 
to get to Heaven, where, a daily hope cheers me, I 
shall arrive at last. As to this world, it contains no- 
thing to please or gratify me, though sufficient to pre- 
vent me from murmuring or repining at my lot. 

I sometimes indulge the pleasing idea of meeting in 
those blissful regions, whither my spirit is bound, many 
whom I esteemed and loved whilst yet they were 
clothed with the habliments of mortality. 

If I should not write to cousin H., please to tell her 
I received her letter, and the reason I have not answer- 
ed it is my feeling so poorly. I have had to decline 
the use of my pen, except where unavoidable ; but to- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 299 

day I am somewhat animated to exert it. I have not 
written a letter of such length for months. I think it 
is time for me now to conclude. With dear love to 
each and all of you, I subscribe myself 

S. Mason. 



" The preceding letter appears to be the last she 
ever traced, as through the spring and summer her 
cough was wearisome, and her physical powers very 
languid. 

" It is encouraging to observe the efficacy of religion 
in mitigating the toil of human life, under the pressure 
of sore disease. Here she is holding out to the afflict- 
ed burden-bearer a place of refuge from every storm, 
whilst she permits the pleasing anticipation of recog- 
nising, in the mansions of everlasting blessedness, those 
to whom her sympathies and her affections were united, 
when fellow probationers, by the strong bond of a mu- 
tual alliance with Him, by whose Spirit all his devoted 
children, of whatever sect, or wherever scattered upon 
the face of the earth, are united into one body, of which 
he is the Head. Clothed with this sure badge of dis- 
cipleship, she was prepared to assimilate in feeling with 
all who loved the Lord Jesus in sincerity of heart. 
Hence her intercourse with those who differed from 
her in religious opinions, was not thereby restrained. 
But, faithful to the light of truth, as opened upon her 



300 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

own mind in early life, she was neither afraid nor 
ashamed to support those testimonies which designate 
the sect of which she was a member, fully believing in 
their sufficiency to guide in safety through life's beset- 
ting snares, and in the regeneration for which they call, 
secure to the soul an admittance into that Kingdom pre- 
pared for the righteous from the foundation of the 
world. She closed in peace her earthly sojourn, on the 
11th of the 10th month, 1805, leaving an indubitable 
evidence upon the minds of those who best knew her 
walk through fifty-seven years of probation, that her 
' faith was no fancy,' nor yet her ' hope a dream,' but 
that they were to her the power of an endless life, be- 
gun in time, and now swallowed up in fruition in a 
bliss fid eternity." 



" I have subjoined a few letters from her correspon- 
dents, for the purpose of adding disinterested testimony 
to the estimation which her mental and religious attain- 
ments had obtained for her." 

Benjamin Swett to Susanna Hopkins. 

Burlington, &th Mo. 2nd, 1772. 
Dear Friend, 

If I thought I could in the least degree contribute to 
the real satisfaction of my friend Susan, by a reply to 
her letter of the 15th of the 3d month last, it would 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 301 

sufficiently compensate for the trouble ; but when I view 
my own inability to effect that which is intrinsically 
good, I am almost ready to waive an essay thereto ; but 
I hope I shall be preserved from injuring that which is 
good, if I cannot promote it. Therefore in a degree of 
simplicity, and a feeling sense of my own weakness, 
do I at this time repeat my continued esteem for thee 
my friend, and hope that however distant from each 
other, our access to the same Divine sensations is often 
participated wherein we are brought to remember each 
other for good. In this enjoyment, the soul is enliven- 
ed and animated to hope that a short period will centre 
us in a habitation that is eternal, which fadeth not away, 
where we shall never separate, but live to worship, 
adore, and magnify the Lord God and the Lamb, who 
giveth to his humble followers the victory over every 
impediment to these sublime blessings. Therefore, I 
hope our fight will not be in vain, as it is through Him 
only we are made conquerors. Thus, my dear friend, 
the heart of the humble traveller experiences the ad- 
ministration of strength, even in the midst of weakness, 
from the blessed assurance that the Lamb and his fol- 
lowers shall have the victory. Therefore let us reve- 
rently adore his mercy and supplicate his power to ena- 
ble us, (as I trust we have enlisted under his royal 
banner) to become valiant in this fight, that his glory 
may not be stained by any act of our own, but on the 
contrary in our measure, we may proclaim it to others, 
by and through our good conduct, for it is written, " a 



302 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

City that is set on a hill cannot be hid," hence we are 
exhorted in scripture to let our lights so shine before 
men, that others seeing our good works may have cause 
to glorify his name. A capacity to fulfil this holy in- 
junction can be attained only by an humble attention to 
Divine grace revealed in the heart. I write not this from 
a belief that thou knowest it not, for I am assured they 
are thy sentiments, but perhaps the confirmation there- 
of as my experience may not weaken thee in thy jour- 
ney Zionward. 

I am with a joint stock of love from my wife and 
S. M., thy affectionate friend, 

Benjamin Swett, Jr, 



From Anthony Benezett, to S. H. 

Philadelphia, 31st of 3d Mo., 1775. 

J have often, dear S., thought of thee with concern 
and sympathy, understanding how much thou hast been 
affected with the misconduct of that unhappy woman. I 
have often mentally queried, as though thouhadstbeen 
present, why dost thou thus suffer thyself to be so 
much afflicted : is there any thing in this world that de- 
serves an anxious thought but how to be fitted to leave 
it? Are not disappointments of this kind meant to drive 
us to seek comfort in God alone ? But I must acknow- 
ledge, that to a tender, sympathizing mind, abuse and 
ingratitude, particularly where we have sincerely en- 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 303 

deavoured to serve the party, is one of the hardest trials. 
With persons in whom the selfish nature is unsubdued, 
the human heart is hard and bad, as the Indian express- 
es it, until radically changed by grace. This I have 
frequently to my cost, found to be the case of such as 
went under the appearance, and were ready to persuade 
themselves that they were persons of extraordinary 
piety. Nevertheless, every degree of selfishness in- 
dulged, particularly under a cloak of religion, is a tor- 
ment to the party. That poor woman, by the preva- 
lency of wrong propensities, is already herself, as well 
as the sorrowful family with whom she is connected, 
sufficiently miserable. We will draw a veil over what 
is past. Let us improve by the experience hereby 
gained, and learn to look to God alone for strength and 
comfort. Where pride and want of candour, and of 
course ingratitude, are suffered to prevail in any, espe- 
cially high professors, such are sick of a bad distem- 
per, and are objects of great pity. Thy resolution to 
seek for strength and comfort in retirement and silence, 
is very much my own. Nevertheless, in the way of 
our duty, or in the worship of God, where we meet with 
help from our fellow men, it is matter of joy. There 
is, as it were, a repeated cry in the ear of my mind, 
" Come away ; — come away from any hope of true 
happiness from the world, or expectation of any real 
comfort or strength, but from God alone." 

" Lean not on earth, — 't will pierce thee to the heart, 
A broken reed at best, if not a spear." — Young. 
With sincere affection, I remain thy friend. 



304 memoirs of susanna mason. 

From Job Scott to Susanna Mason. 

Portsmouth, llth of 6th Mo. 1788. 
Dear Susanna, 

I seasonably received thy token of kind remembrance 
dated first month last, which afforded satisfaction on 
the fresh revival of sympathetic nearness : for although 
it was far from me to have forgotten thee, yet thy lines 
tended to quicken the sensibility of remembrance. 

I shall make no apology for my long silence either 
before or since thine came to hand. 

The Lord knows how it has been with me, and I 
scarcely wish thou or any one else should know : how- 
ever, at this moment I fully believe with a sensible 
writer, " all is best as it has been, excepting the errors 
of our own free will :" let this apply to thy trials as 
weH as to mine. But do we expect to be exempt from 
trials ? Then let us conclude at once to relinquish all 
claim to Divine favour, renounce our adoption, and be 
content to drag out an unjoyful life here below, as bas- 
tards and not sons : Will this do 1 Oh no ! it will not, 
it cannot do for me, nor for thee. How some who have 
known but little of any thing better, may possibly wea- 
ther out the storms of life to some tolerable degree of 
content in the mere enjoyment of terrestrials, I will 
not presume positively to decide ; but sure I am, that 
we can never have true joy in life unblessed by that 
presence which is not long vouchsafed to shine upon 
us, before our tribulations are, and will be, in one shape 
or another renewed. And blessed be the hand that re- 
news them : And blessed be the power that so orders 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 305 

and directs that this revolution, this rotation and change 
are still carried on in us. Oh ! miserable moment, should 
it ever arrive, when our souls are left at ease, unanx- 
ious for the turnings of that holy hand which fills and 
empties and fills. Hear what he saith, "I will over- 
turn, overturn, overturn, until he come, whose right it 
is, and I will give it him." And so it must be ; there 
is no other way: he does not say it may, or it may not 
be so, but "I will," and indeed he must, in all that are 
given to him, and this overturning is of absolute neces- 
sity renewed in us- from time to time, even after we 
have thought every thing was subdued, and not one 
stone left upon another in the house of our hearts. For 
that wound which seems deadly, is too apt to heal 
again, and then in great loving-kindness the wounding 
instrument is again exercised upon us, and must be ex- 
ercised till we come to love it, and not flinch from, or 
shun the keenness of its edge ; nay, not in any degree. 
Then comes he to reign whose right it is : " Here is 
the faith and patience of the saints." " Ye have heard 
of the patience of Job, and seen the end of the Lord." 
Here is the Lord's end and gracious purpose in the 
turnings of his hand in judgment. Thus, the ministra- 
tion of condemnation and tribulation is glorious ; let him 
therefore whose right it is, not only overturn every 
thing in us once or twice only, but overturn, overturn, 
overturn, till thorough work is made, and his glorious 
kingdom brought in, even here on earth, and his will 

done as in Heaven. 

27 



306 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

As to the mysteries in the Revelations ; I am cau- 
tious of meddling with them unless immediately opened, 
lest I should be found busied in that which pertaineth 
to the number of the beast which is but the number of 
a man, and never did or can rise to the number of 
Christ, or to the true Sabbath of rest from all creaturely 
activity and conceiving : for this is on the Seventh day, 
and goes beyond the number of the beast's name, or the 
number of a man ; however high it rises, it never gets 
to the Sabbath, never gets to the sevens but falls below 
in the sixes. Oh ! how near it can come up, how near 
it counts in resemblance, and its refined activity being 
multiplied, and magnified, mounts high in estimation, 
and rises to six hundred three score and six, that is 666 ; 
great and specious indeed, and seemingly much refined, 
yet all below the seventh, the true Sabbath wherein man 
rests from all his works, as God did from his. Here 
is wisdom : let him that hath wisdom count the number 
of this name, and press forward into that which is want- 
ing of the seven, for it is not of or by man, and as man 
it ever will be wanting, and though it is but one, it is 
the one thing needful ; and that which is wanting can- 
not be numbered : Therefore let us press forward into 
that rest which remaineth for the people of God, beyond 
the number of a man, in the true and everlasting Sabbath 
of God. This, I doubt not, is thy travail and sincere 
desire, and with a wish that thou and I may therein 
more and more succeed, 

I rest thy assured friend, Job Scott. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 307 



Extract from a letter from Catharine Haines, to 
S. M. 

Philadelphia, Uth Mo. 13th, 1791. 

I perused thy salutary letter, my beloved friend, with 
much pleasure ; but many engagements at that time 
prevented me from answering it. The next week I 
went to uncle Wistar's. Cousin C. and I, often re- 
curred to the few pleasant hours we spent with thee, 
and were united iff a wish to repeat the visit ; but cou- 
sin could not leave home, so we suspended a personal 
interview until a more favourable period. Should this 
period prove a distant one, I sincerely desire we may 
be had in each other's remembrance, amidst the many 
vicissitudes we may have to pass through. 

Very just is thy observation, " as the health of our 
bodies, so neither is a comfortable state of mind al- 
ways at our command." I sometimes think there is 
no person, whose mind is so tossed, so barren and 
weak as my own ; almost void of that settled calmness 
I see my friends blessed with, and those too, who have 
the thorny path of affliction meted to them. Trials 
and afflictions make up our bill of fare through the jour- 
ney of life ; though some have their lots more chequer- 
ed than others ; and how apt are we to conclude our 
own the worst. " In this world ye shall have trou- 
ble." This is really verified to all ; but how abun- 
dantly are some supported, far beyond human compre- 



308 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

hension, with His holy preserving Arm of Power, who 
alone is able to stay the poor mind in its most pinching 
conflicts. May thou and I, my dear friend, witness the 
efficacy of Divine help and strength extended to us, is 
the fervent desire of thy poor friend, 

Catharine Haines. 



Philadelphia, 10th Mo. 1st, 1795. 
To S. Mason, 

I had a little expectation of seeing thee here at this 
Yearly Meeting, as I thought it would be refreshing to 
thy bodily health and encouraging to thy tried mind ; 
but as that is not the case, I felt a desire to visit thee 
in this way, although it is almost impossible for me to 
say any thing that will in the least alleviate thy late 
uncommon distress ; but thou knowest where help is 
only to be found, and in this Helper thou hast, no 
doubt, taken refuge in the day of tribulation. He then 
vouchsafes more peculiarly to own his servants, and 
cover them with his loving kindness. From my small 
experience, great afflictions are more easily borne than 
trifling ills : for, at such seasons the mind is not so 
humiliated, and the cross occurrences of life take a 
deeper hold ; but when the stroke of Death rends from 
us a beloved friend, we feel in great measure loose from 
earth, and cast all our cares and hopes on Omnipotence, 
and feel that nothing here is worth building upon. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 309 

Thou hast had a tried path in this life ; but hast thou 
not also had bread to eat which the world knew not of? 
When I have been looking over thy various troubles, 
my heart has been sorrowful, and I have queried with 
myself, what dost thou not owe for favours received ? 
and yet what poor returns ! At other seasons, when 
the world has allured, I have even wished for afflic- 
tions, to keep me in my place ; then again looked at 
thee with very different sentiments, believing thy tabu- 
lated path has been sanctified to thee. 

I fully intended visiting you before you left Chester 
County, but the roads being nearly impassable in the 
spring, and my leaving home for New York, prevented. 
I passed some time in that place, which was favoured 
with our truly honourable European women, at their 
Yearly Meeting ; from thence they went to the Annual 
Meeting held at Newport, Rhode Island, which I also 
was at. Their company has been sweet to my mind: 
I never felt myself so fervently united to any friend as 
to dear Deborah Darby, and have had frequent trials in 
my mind to suppress the more than filial love I feel to- 
wards her. How seldom do we see, as in her, a wo- 
man of the first estimation, as to family and wealth, so 
divested of all self-superiority ! She is ail softness, and 
sweet humility is conspicuous in every word and ac- 
tion. But thou knowest her. Rebecca Young is also 
a dignified woman, and of uncommon stability : she 
appears to have given all up to the Master. They in- 
tend for your Yearly Meeting ; and by the return of 



310 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

the young man who drives their wagon, I should be 
pleased with the information of thy health, and whether 
thy present residence affords the place thou wished for. 
My love to thy husband and children. 
Farewell, dear Susan. Thy affectionate 

Catharine F. Wistar. 



SELECTIONS BY S. M. 

All tempers are increased by indulgence, and the 
more we yield to any disposition to evil, the stronger 
it grows ; it is therefore certain that self-denial is our 
only cure. 



Some would be very sorry to be remarked for an 
envious and malicious spirit, who at the same time 
make the faults of their acquaintances the pleasure of 
their lives, and who turn all their conversation into evil 
speaking and detraction. 



Innocence is no protection against tyrannical power. 
Accusing is proving, where malice and force are joined 
in the prosecution. Force governs the world, and 
success consecrates the cause. What avails it the 
lamb to have the better cause if the wolf have the 
stronger teeth ? It is no use to stand reasoning where 
the adversary is both party and judge. 



MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 311 



" With the permission of a friend, the subjoined 
piece of poetry, of trans-atlantic origin, has been added 
to this volume. The language of encouragement and 
consolation it holds out to the tribulated traveller, as- 
sailed ' with doubts and fears,' has induced me to desire 
its publication." 

Traveller, through this vale of tears, 

Art thou tried with doubts and fears 1 

Does the tempter still assail, 

'Till thou thinkst he must prevail ? 

Do the clouds that intervene 

Dim the light thou once hast seen ? 

Dost thou fear thy faith is gone, 

And that thou art left alone, 

A wanderer on life's dreary coast, 

Thy guide and comfort nearly lost ? 

Hear a fellow traveller's lay 

One who has trod this painful way, 

Who in the journey he has past, 

Has met with many a bitter blast ; 

Upon whose head the storm has beat, 

And many a thorn has piere'd his feet, 

But matchless mercy hitherto 

Has interposed and brought him through; 

And has enabled him to raise 

At times the cheerful song of praise. 

In patience, then, possess thy soul — 
Stand still, — for while the thunders roll 



312 MEMOIRS OF SUSANNA MASON. 

Thy Saviour sees thee through the gloom, 
And will to thy assistance come : 
Trust — humbly trust in his defence, 
Preserve thy hope and confidence : 
To him apply in humble prayer, 
On him, in faith, cast all thy care, — 
Then will the tempest pass away — 
Then will the night give place to day — 
x\nd thou rejoicingly shalt find, 
These trials wisely were design'd, 
To subject every wish of thine 
Completely to the Will Divine, 
To fix thy heart on things above, 
To fill thy soul with heavenly love, 
And through the power of mighty grace 
To fit thee for that glorious place, 
Where saints and angels round the throne 
For ever sing " Thy will be done." 



THE END. 



Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. 
Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide 
Treatment Date: April 2006 

PreservationTechnologies 

A WORLD LEADER IN FAPER PRESERVATION 

1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive 
Cranberry Township, PA 16066 
(724)779-2111 



